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Even though Shinto was the first religion in Japan Buddhism is also widely practiced. Shinto is based on mythology and stresses ones relationship with nature and has many Gods. They believe that there is spiritual essence in all things. Buddhists believe that peace and happiness can be achieved by renouncing ones attachment to worldly things.

Most Japanese observe ceremonies from both Shinto and Buddhism. It is common for it to be said that Shinto is for the living and Buddhism is for the dead. Many Japanese will have Shinto marriage ceremonies and visit Shinto shrines on special occasions such as the birth of a new baby. Funerals are most often Buddhist ceremonies. Japanese birth records indicate that 84% to 96% of the population is Shinto or Buddhist. However, when polled 70% of the population profess no religious membership.

Other customs and courtesies in Japan include giving gifts to host when visiting and giving and accepting gifts using both hands. Japanese remove their shoes when entering a home and many places of business also follow this practice. When greeting someone the Japanese bow to one another. To show respect one must bow lower than the other.

Yawning, blowing your nose and chewing gum in public are all considered ill-mannered in Japan. The Japanese point with their entire hand instead of one finger and when beckoning someone they wave all fingers with the palm of their hand face down.

Bahraini-Arab Culture

Bahrain is an Island country located in the Middle East off the Eastern shore of Saudi Arabia in the Arabian Gulf. Bahrain consists of an archipelago of thirty three islands of which only three are inhabited. There are just over 1 million people living in the country of Bahrain. (moci.gov.bh) Its population is about 62 percent ethnic Bahraini. (Culture Grams) The other 38 percent are almost all non-citizen expatriate workers. 89 percent of Bahraini citizens live in urban areas. Arabic is the official language of Bahrain however English is also commonly used. Farsi, and many other languages are also used but not officially recognized. Many people living in Bahrain are bilingual or multilingual. The cost of living in Bahrain is very high.

Because a girl is looked down upon if she is in the company of men other than those related to her dating usually happens in secret as not to embarrass the family. Marriages are still arranged in Bahrain and those that are not must have parental permission. Very few people marry without family authorization. Most women marry in their late teens or early twenties. In Bahrain it is legal for a man to have up to four wives if he can provide for them equally.

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