英语论文网

The most important principles
   The above 4C are the primary principles we should obey in business Email writing. The emphasis here is ‘basic’, in that the application of the first four principles is effective but not enough. To achieve more, we need to learn another 2 most important principles - Cooperation Principle & Politeness. These 2 Principles are widely accepted by international business organizations. They enable us to communicate skillfully with people who are speaking different languages from different countries, help us achieve the goal of high quality communication.
Cooperation Principle
   In social science generally and linguistics specifically, the cooperative principle describes how people interact with one another. Cooperative Principle is proposed by Paul Grice, who has concerned himself with philosophical issues with language. As phrased by Paul Grice, “make your contribution such as it is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the exchange in which you are engaged” . The principle is intended as a description of how people normally behave in conversation. Put more simply, people who obey the cooperative principle in their language will make sure that what they say in a conversation furthers the purpose of that conversation. Obviously, the requirements of different types of conversations are different.
   The cooperative principle can be divided into four maxims- the maxim of quality, the maxim of quantity, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner, called the Grecian maxims describing specific rational principles observed by people who obey the cooperative principle; these principles enable effective communication.
Maxim of Quality: try to make your contribution one that is true. a) Do not say what you believe to be false. b) Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
Maxim of Quantity: Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange); do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
Maxim of Relevance: Make your contribution relevant.
Maxim of Manner: be perspicuous, specifically and avoid unnecessary prolixity. It makes requirements as:  a)be clear:  b)avoid obscurity of expression;  c)avoid ambiguity;  d)be brief);   e)be orderly.
Here are 2 examples representing the above 4 maxims:
   Example 1:Thank you for your letter of 12th，July sending us patterns of cotton prints. We find both quality and prices satisfactory and are pleased to give you an order for the following items on the understanding that they will be supplied from current stock at the prices named:
Quantity  Pattern No.  Price (net)
300 yards 7233p per yard
450 yards 8238p per yard
300 yards 84 44p per yard
We expect to find a good market for these cottons and hope to place further and larger orders with you in the near future.
Our usual terms of payment are cash against documents and we hope they will be acceptable to you. Meanwhile should you wish to make inquiries concerning our financial standing, you may refer to our bank.
The National Bank of Nigeria， Lagos
Please send us your confirmation of sales in duplicate.<本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。