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nsciousness, self-consciousness,self-transparency, self-presence and self-determination(David,Carr,1999:5). All theattacks on the self-conscious subjectivity join together to contribute to the evolutionof subjectivity(Chen Daliang,2004:18). When it comes to modern times, suchperception has been widely acknowledged as the result from modern history andphilosophy development. Such a philosophical subjectivity defines the survival ofhuman activities as the conquering and construction that Subject (human being) actson Object (the nature), which has actually aroused the emergence of solipsism andeven anthropocentrism. Both of which progressively bring about many socialproblems such as population explosion, resources shortage, environmentaldegradation, etc. Those series of severe consequences raise the reflections andcriticism on subjectivity, from which appears the topic about inter-subjectivetheory(Xie Jinmei, 2008:20).
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2.2 Inter-Subjectivity in Translation Studies
Philosophy is the origin of all things and the mother of all disciplines. With themutual penetration and impact of different disciplines, translation studies have had acloser connection with other subjects such as literature, linguistics, sociology,philosophy, etc.The growth of Translation Studies as an independent discipline is a success storyof the 1980s. The study of subject has developed in many parts of the world and isclearly destined to continue developing well into the 21st century. Translation Studiesbrings together work in a wide variety of fields, including linguistics, literary studies,history, anthropology, psychology and economics (Andre Lefevere, 1990).In general, literary translation theories mainly solve the problem of severalrelationships between translator and the original text, translator and the translatedworks and reader and the translated works. Inter-subjective theory provides a newphilosophical paradigm and methodological principle for the study of translator’ssubjectivity in translation theory. It also reveals the nature of translation activity aswell as the present predicament of translator as the translation subject. Currently,issues on translation subjectivity and inter-subjectivity have become a hot topic andone of the key points in translation studies. Followed by the evolution ofphilosophical turn from subjectivity to inter-subjectivity, translation studies also shiftsits research direction from “who is the subject in the process of translation activity?”to “the inter-relationship between different subjects”. Since inter-subjectivity dealswith the interactive relationship between different subjects, a brief introduction about“subject” in the process of translation is necessary to be illustrated in this part.
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CHAPTER III THE NECESSITIES OF TRANSLATOR’S INTRA-CONSTRUCTION.......18
3.1 For Hermeneutics .....18
3.2 For Expression .........26
3.3 For Communication ........32
3.4 For the Needs of the Times ....37
CHAPTER IV TRANSLATOR’S MODEL: EFFECTIVE TRANSLATORS..........44
4.1 Co-existence of the subjects..........44
4.2 Individual’s Unique Experience ....49
4.2.1 Zhu Shenghao and Shakespeare.......50
4.2.2 Howard Goldblatt and Chinese Contemporary Writers.......51
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ......54
5.1 Findings......54
5.2 limitations..........55
5.3 Implications.......55

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