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3.1 Introduction to Catford’s Shifts Theory.............................8

3.2 Applicability of Catford’s Shifts Theory..................................9

Chapter Four Case Analysis Guided by Category Shifts Theory................11

4.1 Structure Shifts.......................................11

4.1.1 Shifts from Passive Voices into Active Voices.....................11

4.1.2 Shifts from Postpositive Attributives into Prepositive Attributives................12

Conclusion....................................23

Chapter Four Case Analysis Guided by Category Shifts Theory

4.1 Structure Shifts

Structure shifts are the shifts in the linguistic structure of the source language when itis translated into the target language.This is the most common category shift,which canoccur at all levels.In the translation process,one cannot translate word by wordmechanically according to the original language order and structure,instead,he should firstanalyze the linguistic structure of the original sentence to grasp the information,and thentranslate semantically according to the expression habits of the target language with properorder.Common structure shifts between English and Chinese include:shifts between activeand passive;shifts between postpositive and prepositive;shifts between subject-prominentand topic-prominent,etc.(Catford,1991:91).

4.1.1 Shifts from Passive Voices into Active Voices

Both English and Chinese grammar have passive and active voice,but the passive structure inChinese is used much less frequently than in English.English changes verb morphology toemphasize the objectivity of the content and the importance of the patient.The use of passive voice intechnicalEnglish is veryextensive,reflecting the objectivity of technical English discourse.Therefore,in order to make the translation more logical and understandable for the readers,it is necessary toconvert the passive sentences in English to the active sentences in Chinese,which is in line with thestructure shifts in Catford’s shiftstheory.

Conclusion

The author has got several enlightenments from the translation project.The correctguidance of theory is indispensable in the translation process.From translation equivalence,Catford elaborates on it through two aspects:formal correspondence and textualequivalence.Its purpose is to tell readers that the target text and the source text cannotachieve complete equivalence at all levels.In this translation practice,the author selectsthe category shifts theory as the guiding theory,analyzes the difficulties of words andsentences encountered in the translation process from four aspects:structure shifts,classshifts,unit shifts,and intra-system shifts,and adopts various translation techniques,so thatthe translation task can be carried out smoothly.The author chose the corresponding shiftmethods according to different sentence characteristics,thus making the translationconform to Chinese expression habits and improving the effectiveness of informationtransmission.

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