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ddle of a sentence. Their positions in a Chinese sentence also vary according to the contexts. The point for attention is how to make the translation conform to Chinese usage when English adverbial clauses are translated into Chinese. There are two kinds of adverbial clauses, which often appear in business English contracts, i.e. adverbial clauses of time and adverbial clauses of condition. 2.1Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by when, while, as, before, after, until, etc can be described in terms of “same time”, “earlier time”, and “later time.” The adverbial clauses of time introduced by when, before and after are widely used in business English contracts. The following will concentrate on how to translate them into Chinese. a) In Chinese, “ when” is usually introduced by 当……时候, etc. Sometimes, an adverbial clause introduced by “when” can be regarded as the clause of conditional meaning, which can be translated into Chinese adverbial clauses of condition. In Chinese, we have similar conjunctions like如果, 倘若, etc. •When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party has preemptive right. 如果合资公司一方拟转让其全部或部分出资额，另一方有优先购买权。 b) The conjunction “before” is usually translated into “在……之前” in Chinese. In business English contracts, sometimes, in order to emphasize the obligation to be fulfilled, “before” may be rendered into Chinese by using “……后, 才能…….” •The manufacturers shall, before the goods is delivered over, make a precise and comprehensive inspection of the goods with regard to its quality, specifications, performance and quantity, weight, and issue inspection certificates certifying the technical data and conclusion of the inspection. 制造商应对货物的质量、规格、性能和数量、重量进行一丝不苟和全面的检验，出具检验证明书，证实检验的技术数据和结论后，才能发货。 c) The conjunction, “after” is often expressed by “在……后” in Chinese. In business English contracts, “after” is sometimes converted into “……之日起” in Chinese for the purpose of preciseness. •In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect, the Buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within twenty days after the Bank of China, Beijing Branch has received the Seller’s documents. 买方如发现文件有错误时，应在中国银行北京市分行收到卖方文件之日起20天内电告卖方，并指出错误项目。 2.2 In English adverbial clauses of condition are generally introduced by conjunctions such as if, in case, unless, once, and so long as. In Chinese we have similar conjunctions like 如果, 万一, 除非, 一旦, 只要, etc. Moreover, not all adverbial clauses of condition in English need to be presented as adverbial clauses in Chinese. See the following examples: A) An unless-clause can denote a real condition as well as an unreal condition. In a clause of real condition, unless can sometimes be replaced by if¼not. In business English contracts, “unless” is usually rendered into Chinese by using “除……另有……者外,” and “unless” is often used together with “otherwise.” •Unless the Contract provides otherwise, it is the Buyer’s legal duty to collect and transport the goods from the Seller’s premises. 除合同另有规定者外，买方应在卖方的处所提货运输。 •Unless otherwise arranged, neither party shall have the right to represent the other party. 除另有安排者外，任何一方无权代表另一方。 B) The conjunction, “whereas” at whiles connects two independent clauses to form a compound sentence, and we have similar conjunctions like “而” in Chinese. In business English contracts, sometimes “wher