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An Encounter,After the Race,Clay.Ireland has a deep andtroubled history of colonization.The first invaders,the Scandinavians,shattered thepeace and calm of Ireland,starting the nation’s history of aggression.The invasion ofNorway caused a double blow to Ireland both materially and spiritually.Under theheroic resistance of the Irish king,the tyranny of Norway was ended,but the processof colonization did not end.Followed by the massive occupation of the Norman,Ireland gradually became the subject of the Henry II.Blinded by Henry II’s seemingpeace,the Irish naively assumed that Henry II was merely a ceremonial supreme king,and the native Irish lords were myopically content with their vested interests,so theybowed to the foreign monarch.In the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries,England launched a mad campaign of oppression against Ireland.In 1310,an Irish parliament was formed without Irish representation at the convening of Wogan,arepresentative of King Edward of England.This parliament passed a decree in 1310that stipulated pure-blood Irishmen may not join the religious communities of theEnglish in the peaceful areas.(Curtis,1974:175)The act showed that the Irish wouldnever enjoy the same freedom and equality as the British,and a culture of nationaldiscrimination began.In 1366,the Statute of Kilkenny touched on the linguisticdivide.It decreed that the English in Ireland must speak English and follow Englishcustoms,while the stubborn Irish were always proud of their own language,Gaelic.Inthe game between oppression and anti-oppression,the contradiction between Britainand Ireland became deeper and deeper.In the 15th century,the war between Britainand France should have provided an opportunity for Ireland to get rid of the colonialrule of England,but the Irish national cause was hampered by its conservatism andfixedness.Along with the great religious changes in Ireland during this period,a greatdeal of its land was confiscated and a great deal of the property of its lords wasplundered.

2.The Betrayal and Belief in Nationalism

Joyce is a loyal supporter of Parnell.In Dubliners,Joyce wrote a story aboutParnell,Ivy Day in the Committee Room.Parnell served as the chairman of the IrishParty for 12 years,and made great contributions to the self-rule movement.Parnellwas so respected in the party that he was once called“the uncrowned King of Ireland”.After Parnell’s death,some opportunistic politicians took the opportunity to profit,and the Irish party split into several factions with each faction competing for powerand profit,so,the self-government movement lost its original meaning and graduallyevolved into a pure political struggle.No matter how the later researchers evaluateParnell’s merits and wrongs,for Joyce,he is always the pride of what Parnell hasdone.Betrayal has always been an important theme in Joyce’s writing.Besides theBritish colonists’betrayal of the Irish people,there was also the Irish people’s betrayalof Parnell.And the Irish people’s rejection of Parnell led to thirty years of nationaluncertainty after Parnell's melancholy death.

Ivy Day in the Committee Room presented a small aspect of Irish politics afterParnell’s death.The story takes place on October 6th,the anniversary of Parnell’sdeath,and some people still wear ivy leaves on that day.In terms of the overtnarrative progression,Joyce criticized that Parnell and the self-government movementParnell led have been forgotten,and 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。