英语论文网

f interpersonal alienation exists. That is: “There is not much love or hate to be found in human relations of our day. There is, rather, a superficial friendliness, and a more than superficial fairness, but behind that surface is distance and indifference” (Fromm, Sane 135). The relationship among people is filled with defensiveness and hostility. 

Chapter III Causes of Alienation ......................... 39

3.1 Causes of Self-alienation ......................... 39

3.1.1 Benn and Kenneth’s Receptive Character ........................ 39

3.1.2 Irrational Need for Relatedness and Alienated Way to SatisfyRelatedness ...................... 41

Chapter IV Resistance to Alienation ...................... 60

4.1 Resistance Through Self-improvement of Individual ...................... 60

4.1.1 Benn’s Embrace of Nature ............................. 60

4.1.2 Kenneth’s Realization of Transcendence ................................... 63

Chapter V Conclusion ................... 76

Chapter IV  Resistance to Alienation

4.1 Resistance Through Self-improvement of Individual

To overcome the alienation that hinders the establishment of a sane self and society, the operation of the internal mechanism is necessary, namely the self-improvement of individual. People need to develop their strength to improve themselves and rebuild their relationships with themselves. This part discusses the efforts of Benn and Kenneth to resist alienation through self-improvement. The attachment to nature helps Benn truly experience himself and overcome self-alienation. Kenneth’s way of escaping the split between narcissism and inferiority is to transcend himself. Getting rid of the emotional chains that bind him and then rebuilding the whole self are effective for Kenneth.

4.1.1 Benn’s Embrace of Nature

In the process of self-persistence and self-improvement, people’s accumulated spiritual strength comes from their harmony with nature, themselves, and fellows. The harmonious relationship between man and nature can provide people with a sense of security and belonging and shield people from alienation and loneliness. However, while stepping into society, people are immersed in technological development and material prosperity but lose the primordial bond with nature. In the process of conquering nature, man has created a new material world, which stands above nature (Guo Yongyu 206). People live in this world and become more and more alienated from nature. Like Marx and many other social critics, Fromm believes that human beings are firstly a natural existence (Wu Xinghua 23). Thus Man’s naturalness determines his attachment to nature. According to Fromm’s view of human and nature, at this time, “While he has lost the unity with nature, he has not been given the means to lead a new existence outside of nature” (Fromm, Sane 23). 

Chapter V  Conclusion

Saul Bellow is a modernist writer with realistic tendency, and most of his works are based on the circumstances of his protagonists’ live本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。