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ercer,2017:164)In new spaces,movement and displacement constitute the diasporaidentity.In this sense,Eilis’s transatlantic journey is closely related to geographicaldisplacement.

Chapter Two Causes for Identity Dilemma of the FemaleImmigrant in Diaspora

2.1 Social Conditions in Ireland and America

According to Hall,identity is considered as a series of characteristics that are inherent inthe specific culture and nation.It is formed in the discourse of history and culture,which isabout positioning rather than essence.As for the causes for identity dilemma of the Irishfemale immigrants in diaspora,it is reasonable to explore the historical backgrounds ofIreland.The immigration tide lasts for several decades in Ireland.Considering this,the historyof Irish emigration and the Irish female diaspora in the 1950s should be discussed in exploringthe reasons that cause Eilis’s identity dilemma.Meanwhile,cultural background is also acrucial factor that influences the diaspora identity of immigrant groups.Therefore,this partfocuses on the social conditions in Ireland and America to explore the reasons of Eilis’sidentity dilemma.

2.1.1 History of Irish Emigration and the Irish Female Diaspora

Diaspora creates a sense of possibility about leaving Ireland and is thus embraced byIrish young women.A great number of women have been forced to leave Ireland for all kindsof reasons.It is harder to access the wider impact of emigration and female diaspora on thehistory of Ireland.Therefore,restating this historical event is conducive to explore the reasonwhy Irish female immigrants face diaspora identity dilemma.

2.2 Restrictions of Patriarchy and Catholicism

The Irish scholar Patrick Ward delves deep into the Irish past and into different culturalforms to trace a genealogy of exile.He offers a careful consideration of the place andexperience of Irish women in Exile,Emigration and Irish Writing.(2002)“The representationof young Irish women in the popular tradition continued the stereotypes moulded out ofCatholic teaching and patriarchal Gaelic nationalist discourse.They were idealized asbeautiful,virtuous,subservient handmaidens;they were celibate and single and almost totallysilent in the discourse surrounding emigration.”(Patrick,2002:152)Bound by assumedCatholicism and patriarchy of Ireland,these women have left as immigrants and diasporasvoluntarily and involuntarily.James Clifford also considers“Diasporic experiences are alwaysgendered.”(Clifford,1994:313)In Ireland,the regulation of Catholic teaching and patriarchaldiscourse severely fettered women’s self-development,which force them to leave home andbecome female immigrants in diaspora.

In the 1950s Ireland,women are more disadvantaged than men in a society which ischaracterized with patriarchal culture.When it comes to Eilis,it is the limitation of genderidentity that she cannot find a suitable job in Enniscorthy.Affected by national economy,women are more difficult than men to find a job in the 1950s Ireland.They are expected to begood mothers,wives and daughters at home doing housework.As one setting of the novel,Enniscorthy is a miniature of Ireland.As descried at the beginning of the novel,Eilis hasnothing to do but wash the dishes with her mother at home.In order to support herself,shefinds a low pay part-time job in Miss Kelly’s grocery store.However,this job does not bringhe本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。