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ism advocating that men should not go to extremes, the Chinese people are expected to constantly be watchful against overdoing and indulgence in their speech or action. When they play a joke on someone else, they will be cautious of the audience’s face. Moreover, it is often risky and unacceptable for one in a hierarchical society to play aggressive jokes on others, not to mention those at a higher position. Actually in expressing dissatisfaction through humorous language, Chinese people tend to be milder and more implicit.
3.3 The Reason of Social System
Different times and different physical world create different social economic basis and super structure, which determines the political environment and impact on the people’s thought, behavior and the use of language. In nature, China is a hierarchical society where exists many established norms and criterion for every social member according to his or her social status. The essence of Chinese culture is the conformity to the traditional norms (which are called “Li”). In Chinese mind, there are differences between the superior and the inferior, parents and children, male and female on the basis of the age, social status, educational background and so on. During long feudal era in Chinese history, people subjected themselves to the regulation of speech under totalitarian regimes, and for controlling their subjects; many Emperors took “literary inquisition” policy. That is why in Chinese culture, people seldom play joke on the superior.
In contrast, the essence of English history is equality. In egalitarian society everyone is equal no matter what his or her social status is. Also most English-speaking countries (especially the U.K. or the U.S.A) seldom or even never went through the feudal era in the past, so in English culture, every social member are accustomed to treat others as equals and communicate with others in the same manner. That is why there are many jokes about the superior in English culture.
3.4 The Reason of Patterns of Thought
The pattern of thought is the bridge between culture and language. On one hand, the pattern of thought is closely related to culture. It embodies a concentrated reflection of the cultural psychological features, and at same time it restricts the cultural factors. The different patterns of thought differentiate the cultures. On the other hand, the pattern of thought influences the languages. The pattern of thought promotes the development of language; in turn language improves the pattern of thought. Language is the means of the pattern of thought and the element of constructing the thinking mode. The different patterns of thought differentiate the use of languages. In Chinese and English humor, we can find the differences of the patterns of thought between Chinese and English cultures.
In English culture, especially in American culture, it is well known for the high value of the assertive and aggressive communication style. In American communication, people are expected to take the initiative in advancing their personal interests and well-being and to be direct and assertive in interacting with others for the value of individualism. American people are frank, open and direct in their dealing with others. They believe that people should explicitly state what they think and what they want from others. So in American culture, people often make jokes of real persons and real events.
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