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ons for new construction projects. The moratorium applied to all new projects which required an electricity supply exceeding 100kVA and was suppose to end on 31 June 2008.

A meeting of the task team was held on 19 May 2008 in which delegates were reminded by Eskom representatives, that Eskom was in the process of formulating criteria and guidelines that would be followed when processing applications for the provision of electricity supplies to new developments at the ending of the moratorium. Decisions came about and resulted in the moratorium continuing and the cost of providing new supply would merely be reflected on quotations issued, in line with time frames when new supply could be provided. It was emphasised that it did not in any way mean construction activity may continue as normal, a supply for some projects may only be provided months or years into the future. In terms of available capacity, it was estimated that once the moratorium ended supplies would possibly only be granted to approximately 50% of developments for which applications had been received.

EFFECT OF MORATORIUM 影响暂停

Projects have been shelved due to this moratorium and others have progressed. It is now understood that not all projects have to be directly supplied by Eskom. These projects are supplied by various local authorities which have no uniform approach in regard to the moratorium. It was of concern that factually transparency and objectively identifiable criteria were lacking according to which developments would be assessed. It makes sense that factors such as the nature, purpose or function of the development should play a role, as well as its energy efficiency. Job creation is also likely to be considered, both during and after the construction period, as well as the economic and socio-political contribution arising out of the use of the development in question.

FRAUD AND CORRUPTION 欺诈和腐败

Corruption can be defined as the 'abuse of public office fro personal gain'.

The Construction Industry Development Board (cidb) has adopted a zero tolerance policy on fraud and corruption. The cidb has established the Standard for Uniformity (SfU) and the Code of Conduct as prescripts which must be complied with. These prescripts form the basis for instituting disciplinary procedures and sanctions against clients and contractors found to have transgressed the cidb requirements. The cidb uses these prescripts as a basis for formulating charges for those who are the subject of investigations and disciplinary procedures.

FRAUDULENT ACTIVITIES 欺诈活动

Numerous contractors have fallen disciplinary procedures of the cidb over the years. Around 29 companies were investigated with a successful conviction rate of 100%, and as appropriate have been given fines and or suspensions. Most cases are a combination of fraudulent certificates / documents, misrepresentation to clients, underhand payment to cidb employees. Cidb employees are also subjected to disciplinary procedures and have been fired for soliciting or willingly accepting bribes form contractors. These employees are also handed over to the South African Police Services (SAPS).

A report recently published by the cidb ' Construction Quality in SA; A client perspective identified corruption and fraud as being one of the almost overwhelming barriers to construction quality. An attempt to fight corr