摘要:本文是一篇留学生作业。霍夫斯坦特对文化下了这样一个定义:所谓“文化”,是在同一个环境中的人民所具有的“共同的心理程序”。因此,文化不是一种个体特征,而是具有相同社会经验、受过相同教育的许多人所共有的心理程序。不同的群体,不同的国家或地区的人们,这种共有的心理程序之所以会有差异,是因为他们向来受着不同的教育、有着不同的社会和工作,从而也就有不同的思维方式。
nd related to or the allusion loaded in this Chinese illusionistic expression. The translator may be all right to employ “free translation” to render this expression into English so that the essence of the meaning can be smoothly transferred into the Target Language(TL), but this is not a good choice in terms of introducing the Chinese cultural reality to the target readers. Therefore, if it is very necessary and practical for all the loaded sources or related to inform the expression of important cultural elements of the target audience, the translator suggested using literal translation. When the old man at the frontier lost his horse , he thought it might be a good thing for塞翁失马 and then add the following
notes:
This expression is related to an allusion popular for more than 2,000 years in China. When an old man lost his horse, his neighbors condoled with him.
“This may be a good thing,” he said.
The horse came back with another horse, and the old man’s neighbors congratulated him.
“This may prove unlucky,” he said.
When his son, who liked the new horse, rode it and broke his leg, once more the neighbors expressed their sympathy.
“This may turn out for the best,” said the old man.
And, indeed, just then the Huns invaded the county and most able-bodied men were conscripted and killed in battle; but thanks to his broken leg the old man’s son survived.
In this way, the translator not only enable readers to understand the meaning of the expression of target sources, but also gives them the opportunity to understand Chinese culture. However, the problem is the target audience must stop frequently mentioned instructions. This may interfere with their reading speed to break the ideological inheritance. Therefore, the translator suggested as a last resort use this method. Right below is one more similar example:
叶公好龙-Lord Shah’s love of dragons
“叶公好龙”, here it can be translated into “Lord Shah’s love of dragons” and a concise explanation can be added after it: Shah was so fond of dragons that he adorned his whole palace with drawings and carvings of them, but when a real dragon heard of his infatuation and paid him a visit, he was frightened out of his wits.
孟母三迁
The mother of Mencius moved their home three times; moving one’s home for the desired environment for the education of one’s children
(Note: Tradition has it that Mrs Meng, mother of Mencius, moved her home three times for an ideal neighborhood for the education of her son Mencius and his brothers. The allusion is now used to give praise to those who are good at educating their young.)
东施效颦 blind imitation with ludicrous effect (just like Dong Shi, an ugly woman, knitting her brows in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself all the uglier)
All of the above translation strategies are commonly used in the translation of Chinese allusions, and their application has been carefully analyzed by an example description. However, this still does not exhaust all of their translation, since the concrete ways of adjustment in different contexts are too different to enumerate specific ways. In the process of translating translators have to make concrete conditions. After taking an all-round consideration of the source and the receptor, they may make refer
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