从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异 [3]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-09编辑:黄丽樱点击率:13160
论文字数:5760论文编号:org200904091523581794语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:comparisonmode of thoughtlanguagesEnglishChinese英汉思维对比语言英语汉语
orming results.
In my own opinion the characteristics of hypotaxis and parataxis are the most important differences, and the analysis of them can let us better understand the two languages and their own modes of thought.
3.1 The definitions of the two concepts
The differences of hypotaxis and parataxis should be examined based on the theory, and next I will first give a description of their concepts and combine them to the English-Chinese translation analyzing some sentences in details.
3.1.1 The definition of hypotaxis
The so called hypotaxis refers to the case that the component parts of a sentence are joined together by using definite connectives, such as preposition, relative pronouns, conjunction, affixes, etc.[9]P35
3.1.2 The definition of parataxis
Parataxis means that the component parts of the sentence are placed in a definite order to indicate their relationship without any connectives in between. So, the syntactic structure appears to be somewhat loose, but rather concise and expressive. [10]P36
3.2 Example
(1) English original:
We know that clean energy technologies have great appeal to the developing world beyond the value we in the developed world attach to their capacity to limit climate change.
Chinese version:
清洁性能源技术因为能够缓解气候变化而受到我们发达国家的青睐。同样,这种技术对发展中国家也有巨大的吸引力,但其价值却不止于此。
3.3 The analysis based on this example
In this example the words in the italics are the markers of hypotaxis. From the sentences we can see that there are nine hypotactic markers in the English version, while in its Chinese version only five markers.
The connective “that”is the marker of objective clause to show that the clause after “that” is what “We know”, but in its Chinese version the phrase “We know that” is not translated literally. In English the phrase “We know that” is the hypotactic marker to show that what stated later is the common knowledge for us, and what the author want to say should be marked in the language forms. While in Chinese the phrase is not needed to be translated because Chinese is a kind of paratactic language and it places the emphasis on logical procedure, function and meaning. In Chinese sense overweigh structure, so the readers can understand the meanings by themselves.
Also there are four propositions in the English original version, which show the relationship between the phrases before and after these propositions. While in Chinese version there are only one proposition, which is “对”.
What is more, the “-ing” and “-ed” are also the hypotactic markers, which show the different degree of the states making the relationship between the components very clear, while in Chinese there is not any this kind of affixes to show their relationship.
3.4 The description of the two concepts in more details
Jia Dejiang (贾德江) states in his book of English-Chinese comparative study and translation that the cohesive ties including three kinds, which are: relative words and conjunctions, prepositions and other means to show the changing of the language forms. [10]p78
And next I will give a simple classification to the hypotactic markers in order to better analyze the translation.
3.4.1 The relative words and conjunction words
The relative words including relative pronoun, relative adverb, connective pronoun and connective adverb such as: who, whom, whose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how etc. They are used to connect principal subjective clause an
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