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odied by it. Actually, Table above also indicates the characteristics of Skopostheorie. Communicative situations are settings in which people interact. Communication is thus interpersonal interaction and, as such, a variety of action. This is why action theory may be able to explain certain aspects of translation. Action is the process of acting, which means “intentionally bringing about or preventing a change in the world. Action can thus be defined as an intentional “change or translation from one state of affairs to another”. If generalized to cases where there are two or more agents, the theory of action can become a theory of interaction.
2. 2. 1 Translating as Intentional Interaction
When we say translation is an intentional interaction we mean it is first and foremost intended to change an existing state of affairs. Here, Vermeer repeatedly emphasizes that “intentionality” does not refer to an action really being intentional, but to its being seen or interpreted as intentional by the participants or any observer. Such interpretation may be quite different from what was actually meant by the person carrying out the action.
2. 2. 2 Translating as a Communicative Action
Communication is carried out by means of signs, which are verbal or nonverbal behavior associated with a concept or meaning by the producer, the receiver, or both. The meaning associated with the sign need not be the same for both the producer and the receiver. A behavior intended to have meaning X by the producer may be interpreted as having meaning Y by the receiver. Generally, we tend to interpret signs according to our own norms of behavior. In translation, the translator produces signs for the TT reader. In order to be understood, the meaning of signs must be known. Translating a movie title is no exception.
2. 2. 3 Translating as Intercultural Action
Translation certainly takes place in concrete, definable situations that involve members of different cultures. Language is the central element of a culture, especially if culture is defined as a “totality of knowledge, proficiency and perception”. “My paper Translation and Cultural Exchange, mainly deals with 1) the features or characteristics of 21st century; 2) culture and cultural differences and how to distinguish them; 3) translation and its standards;and 4) cultural exchange.”（Sang Simin,2000）
Therefore, we can view translating movie titles as an intentional interaction with the intention to make the audience go to the cinema. It is also a communicative action. Communication exits between the translator and the movie producer as well as between the translator and the target audience. Last, it is an intercultural action that the translator takes to transfer the adequate meanings of the title or the movie itself between two different cultures. There are three main parts of the theory of translational action.
2. 3 Concept of Skopostheorie
The theory of action outlined previously provides the foundation for Hans J. Vermeer’s general theory of translation, which he calls Skopostheorie.
Skopos theory is a translation research theory in Germany in late 1970’s(Vermeer, 1978). This theory reflects a turn from the dominant linguistic angle of translation research to a function-and-sericulture-oriented angle. Functionalist theorists conceive of translation as an action carried out by a person who has a specific communication goal. He calls the theo本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。