摘要:直译和意译是翻译短语两种不同的方式,一个优秀的翻译可以结合这两种翻译方法在一起,优异的翻译可以正确、熟练地使用这两种方式。译者需要多练习,当他们积累了丰富的知识和经验以后,才能熟练地翻译。
accuracy, and it never minds whether it is affected by the customary Chinese culture of loyalty. In comparison, free translation is not as that languid, it is more like a native saying for the being-translated and it is easier-caught, but also grotesque-prone since language is so magic to express the same idea in numerous ways. So, basically, literal translation is more mutually linguistic-affective when the other seems more efficient. How to use the two ways in modern Chinese idiom translation has become a question, and the following will prove those.
1. When and where should literal translation be used?
There are many words in Chinese that have the same meaning with that in English. We need only literal translation to translate them very well. That is to say, when the meaning of a Chinese word equals to its English meaning fully, we need only literal translation. Such as: 眼不见,心不烦.(out of mind,out of sight),雪中送炭(to offer fuel in snowy weather),挥金如土(spend money like water), 来得容易,去得快 (easy come, easy go), 趁热打铁(strike while the iron is hot), 熟能生巧 (practice makes perfect) , 身教胜于言传(example is better than precept), 挥金如土(spend money like water), 破釜沉舟 (burn one's boats), 条条大道通罗马 (all roads lead to Rome)
In the process of translating, if the translation could remain the original content and form, especially the metaphor, idioms, language style, individual style, national feature, local color and so on in original, we’d better use literal translation. For example:
1. 病榻a bed of sickness
2. 说话算数的人a man of one’s word
3. 日本侵略者在第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的,可是几年之后,就被中国人民彻底击败了
Japanese invaders were armed to teeth during the Second World War, but in a few years, they were completely defeated by the Chinese people.
The examples above tell that if literal translation can be used successfully, the original meaning would reappear completely and lively at the moment, which is able to meet the readers’ requirements with faithful and vivid words. Moreover, that can enrich the words system of our nation.
So, if it wants to remain the style of the original idiom, literal translation is a better choice.
2. Translate literally, if possible.
Since the literal translation can maintain the original form, then translate literally, if possible. (曾道明,陶友兰,2006,34). According to the passage which is being translating, use literal translation frequently and use free translation when necessary. But what kind of translation is literal translation? And what kind of translation is free translation? For example: 纸老虎 (paper tiger),丢脸(lose face),百闻不如一见(seeing is believing). From the example can know literal translation is better than free translation for this literally translated sentence is more visualized.
The following two example are free translation.
进退两难(between the devil and the deep sea), 将相本无种,男儿当自强(Every human life is insignificant unless you make it great)
From the example can get that the free translation is better than literal translation here. Because they can make us understand clearly. But how can people use literal translation and free translation? There is a sentence: “Translate literally, if possible, or appeal to free translation. (曾道明,陶友兰,2006,34)
3. Some situations cannot use literal translation.
An American theorist Nida gives some situat
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