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ecific conditions under which target text tries to reach its pre-determined functions. We can see from original text above that the sentences all contain "shall+verb" predicate verb structure to stipulate an obligation, which is the pre-determined function that should be achieved in the target text.
3.3.2 Sentential Structure
The chief characteristic of sentential structure in contract documents is their lengthiness and complicatedness characterized by a string of clauses, phrases at different levels. The translator should first make a thorough analysis of the internal structure and logical relations within the sentence, identifying the progression of ideas and then divide this long sentence into a number of small units according to Chinese syntactical characteristic, each of which is then translated into a Chinese short sentence. Finally, these short sentences should be re-arranged in a proper order.
For example: If the bill of lading contains particulars concerning the general nature, leading marks, number of packages or pieces, weight or quantity of the goods which the carrier or other person issuing the bill of lading on his behalf knows or has reasonable grounds to suspect do not accurately represent the goods actually taken over or, where a shipped bill of lading issues, loaded, or if he has pro reasonable means of checking such particulars, the carrier or such other person must insert in the bill of lading a reservation specifying these inaccuracies, grounds of suspicion of the absence of reasonable means of checking.
Version:如果承运人或代其签发提单的其他人确知或者有合理的根据怀疑提单所载有关货物的品类、主要标志、包数或件数重量或数量等项目没有明确的表示实际接管的货物，或在签发“已装船”提单的情况下，没有明确的表示装船的货物，或者他无适当的方法来核对这些项目，则承运人或代其签发提单的其他人必须在提单上作出保留，说明不符之处。怀疑根据或无适当的核对方法。
 The suitable rule for contract document translation is the Skopos rule which reads as follows:  translate/interpret/speak/write  in- a  way  that  enables  your text/translation to function in the situation in which it is used and with the people who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to function (Vermeer 1982a:20). For example, the original sentence is very long, consisting of a main clause- "the carrier or such other person must ...…”and two "if' clauses: "if the bill of lading contains…”and "if he has no reasonable means of…”This long sentence can be translated sequentially into Chinese by using a similar structure, in which case the target text does not function well, because it causes some confusion in structure. So, according to Chinese linguistic features, we use承运人或代其签发提单的其他人as the subject of the first "if” clause in the Chinese version.
3.3.3 Conditional Clauses
 We have studied that conditional adverbial clauses are frequently used in a contract and the conditional adverbial clauses are often introduced by "if", "whereas", "should", "unless", "subject to", "in case", "in the event off', "provided", "except" etc. However, these words and phrases are different slightly in meaning. Here are some examples:
 
 1． 如果发现设备或材料有缺陷或不符合合同规定时,在收到买方书面合同后,卖方应与买方一起对缺陷进行核实和检验.
 Should the equipment or material be found defective or not in conformity with the contractual stipulation, the Sellers shall check and inspect the defects together with the Buyers as soon as possible after receiv本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。