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Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study
We are living in a testing world. Language testing, as a means of assessment, is animportant part of English Learning and Teaching (ELT). A good test is geared toward teaching,which, in turn is often geared to the other. In addition to the inseparable relations between testingand teaching, language tests are frequently used as measures of the criteria of language abilitiesin second language acquisition research (Bachman, 1990). Our education system is filled with avariety of high-risk tests. In the field of education, it is the consensus that the impact of teachingand learning is affected by these high-risk tests. In the field of language education, this effect isoften referred to as ‘backwash’. Currently, widely used test scores in the various social andeducational purposes, has made a complex phenomenon of the washback effect. While‘backwash’, has no consistent definition, it remains a unique and complex phenomenon; both inthe field of general education as well as language teaching.As China has opened its doors to the rest of the economic and cultural world, each industryand trade needs higher technicians. China’s rapid economic development has been conducive torestructuring of higher education; higher vocational education is an important part of highereducation in China, and in the context of the world, with the perspective of higher vocationaleducation, is a result of the development of society. It is different in nature from the traditionalforms of higher education. The former focuses on practicality; where its main purpose is to trainpeople who are in the production, service and management work in the field after they havegraduated from college, while the latter emphasizes academic scientific knowledge.
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1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study
The research is about the washback effect of writing test of PRETCO on the vocationalcolleges’ English writing learning and teaching, this essay will have deep value for the furtherresearch and utilization. The result is to be helpful for the development of writing tests,application and development of washback tests and improvement of the teaching of writingitself.First, English writing in vocational colleges has an important link with English teaching invocational colleges, as well as an important means to test English teaching quality. Therefore,washback research must be known and grasped by high education faculties and educationaldepartments. In conclusion, the research on washback of writing tests will lead us to discoveradvantages and disadvantages in current writing tests, the reflect requirement and expectation ofwriting tests of teachers and students and remain rational, accurate, objective and justice ofwriting. The research will make writing more reliable and valid, so that teachers and students areto be guided to deal with relations between teaching and examination correctly to realizesupervising learning through test and promoting teaching through tests.Besides, this research will further promote the application and development of washbacktheory. Washback was quoted by English pragmatic linguistics and applies in pragmatic linguistic fields. It refers to the influence that caused by linguistic tests on its teaching andlearning specially. Although people have already realized the huge effect o本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。