跨国企业业务与外商直接投资 [10]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-09-14编辑:yangcheng点击率:13064
论文字数:6718论文编号:org201409132225538396语种:英语 English地区:加拿大价格:免费论文
关键词:外商直接投资FdiEconomics Essay跨国企业业务资源配置
摘要:本文是跨国企业业务与外商直接投资的相关留学生论文,外商直接投资不仅带来了资金,还引进和转让了先进的技术,可以加快东道国的技术进步。外国直接投资还可以增加东道国的竞争,并帮助其实现一个更高效的资源配置。
petition may be raised. In the literature, the view adopted is often that positive externalities outweigh the negative ones and, for this reason, FDI is generally seen as a welcome addition to the domestic economy. In many cases, FDI is also encouraged (by governments and often also by international organizations) by offering grace periods for
taxation purposes and different business support schemes. However, if the outflow of profits is too high, FDI could constitute a cost rather than a benefit. In addition, FDI may replace domestic production instead of increasing competition.
Keller and Yeaple (2003), studying plants in the U.S. (1987-1996), find a strong link between FDI and growth. Approximately 14 per cent of productivity growth over this period can be attributed to FDI spillovers. Furthermore, FDI spillovers seem to be stronger in high-tech compared to other sectors. The main reason for this unusually strong result, according to the authors, is a superior measure of foreign multinational activity. They therefore argue that their results can be generalized for other countries as well. Another study that finds a positive effect of FDI is that of Griffith, Redding and Simpson (2003), who investigated both the dynamics of productivity growth in manufacturing establishments in the U.K. from 1980 to 1992 and the role of foreign multinationals. The authors focus on two mechanisms through which inward FDI can affect either the level or growth rate of domestic productivity. The first is the introduction of new technologies (in this case by foreign firms to the U.K.). The second is that a foreign presence may increase competition in the domestic market, as well as broaden the market by opening up to foreign markets. They find that foreign firms do indeed play a role in the convergence process, as do other high-productivity domestic firms. An increased foreign presence within an industry is correlated with productivity growth in domestically-owned establishments through increased speed of technology transfer. The latter is consistent with foreign presence stimulating competition and increasing incentives for technology adoption. Another example of a U.K. study that reveals positive results is that of Haskel, Pereira and Slaughter (2002). In this case, however, the economic return is dwarfed by subsidies paid to attract FDI in the first place. Granér and Isaksson (2002) find that both mixed and pure foreign ownership is positively correlated with productivity growth. In addition, Keller (2004) reports on case studies showing large positive FDI spillovers. Blomstr?m and Sjoholm (1999) using plant level data for 1991 for all Indonesian establishments, find that all domestic firms benefit from spillovers.
On the other hand, Haddad and Harrison (1993) find little or no impact of FDI on TFP growth for Moroccan manufacturing firms. In particular, the authors conclude this result is due to the lack of absorptive capacity of the local firms in high tech sector, which enable them to absorb foreign technology. Aitken, Harrison and Lipsey (1996) approach the issue of technology spillover from FDI through the labour market. The rationale is that technology spillovers increase the marginal product of labour and this in turn increases wages. Using data on manufacturing firms in Venezuela, Mexico and United States, they find no positive impact of FDI on wages. Moreover, Aitken and Harrison (1999), employing annual census data o
本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。