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Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Culture and Cultural Meaning of Vocabulary
At the very beginning, "culture" was put forward by Edward. B. Tylor，a Britishanthropologist (Wang Fuxiang &Wu Hanying，1994) as an intricate term includingmorals，beliefs, customs, knowledge and other habits and abilities acquired by amember of people in the society. And Robertson also holds the viewpoint that “culture”is composed of the whole products shared by our human beings in the society(Robertson, 1985). From here a further understanding of culture could be made. Or inother words, this is to say culture means the whole object in the universe which includesnot only abstract concepts like social conventions or customs, but also material thingssuch as human beings, animals and nature. Besides, one of the most influentialdefinitions of "culture" was put forth by Larry Samovar and Richard Porter (1995:48).They considered "culture" as the process of forming spiritual and material things, whichcan be divided into two aspects: spiritually-knowledge, religion, beliefs, values，attitudes，experience and concepts of universe; materially-possessions and materialobjects and so on, acquired by a large group of different people and also severalindividuals from generation to generation. From this definition a very wide coverage ofcultural connotation can be seen transparently.
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2.2 Issues about Culture-loaded Words
After what has been discussed about cultural meaning words in semantic aspect oflanguage, it is high time we figure out what on. eartti culture-loaded words are. In aliteral sense, we can judge that it must be connected with issues of culture, and thefollowing three items will answer the question. It should be pointed out that culture-loaded words are controversial and they arethe concepts hard to define like many other linguistic terms. This paper starts itscomments with a quote from the two main experts' definitions. One of them is HuWenzhong (1988): he offered his typical definition of culture-loaded words that"culture-loaded words are loaded with specific national culture. In the structure ofwords，they are the direct or indirect reflection of national culture." According to hisdefinition, there are great differences between non-culture-loaded words andculture-loaded ones in the aspect that whether the words reflect a nation's culture. HuWenzhong (1995:63) also presented the idea that, in the process of communication，theconnotation of culture-loaded words may be extended or diminished.
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Chapter 3 Research Methodology........ 14
3.1 Subjects........ 14
3.2 Instruments........   16
3.2.1 Test ........ 17
3.2.2 Questionnaires ........18
3.3 Data Collection and Processing Procedure........ 19
3.3.1 Test of Students ........20
3.3.2 Questionnaire of Students........ 20
3.3.3 Questionnaire of Teachers........ 21
3.4 Data Analysis ........21
Chapter 4 Result and Disscussion of the Research........ 23
4.1 Result and Analysis of Culture-loaded Words Test........ 23
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