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unications, values that are emotionally reflected in daily practice for the benefit of individual and community. By network she means that professional has its own community to maintenance and develop the core competence of their profession by maximizing the value of the diversity among its members. These differences are the most important aspect to change and adapts with the current situation, therefore she further describes that a profession who is able to manage the differences will constantly increase position to extend their jurisdiction. Autonomy and authority, according to Savage, are another key elements to protect the profession with monopolistic command capabilities to challenge the market and reduce the involvement of non professional into the market.

No profession is assured to always enjoy elite status and that may considerably happen to pharmacy. Pharmacy that claims as the expertise on medication will suffer the erosion on the professional status if it is not improved in the practice, moreover possibility of conflict with the older established professions such as medical practitioners and nurses who understand about medicine, however in the limited scope, will be a pressure for the profession. Denzin and Mettlin (Denzin and Mettlin 1968) describes in their paper, that pharmacy is incomplete professionalization. Professionalization here refers to the process whereby occupation attempt to transform themselves into profession. By incomplete they mean 'a failure to achieve the final condition of professionalization which accord the occupation the title of a profession'. They argue that pharmacy has possessed number of characteristic of a profession. Unfortunately, pharmacy fails to escape the value of profession and still contain the elements of occupation. Pharmacy fails to accumulate systemic body of their scientific knowledge for the purpose of professional role, and due to proliferation of subspecialties within profession, they are vulnerable to exercise strict control over the members in a cohesive social organization which would ensure its professional continuation over time. The re-branding of 'retail pharmacy' as 'community pharmacy' indicates the profession's own awareness of a conflict between commerce and professionalism.

Empirical studies of pharmacist de-professionalization happens in Iceland, Denmark, Portugal and Norway where pharmacist lost their monopoly over a limited number of medicines (Mil and Schulz 2006). Morgall and Almarsdottir (Morgall and Almarsdottir 1999) describes that because of no struggle and no strength, pharmacist lost their monopoly. They explain three different factors to the break of the professional monopoly : (1) political desire to take advantage of new competition and deregulation policy, (2) desire to cut health budget and (3) internal divisions within the profession. The latter cause is in line with what Denzin and Mettlin has argued, the proliferation of subspecialities within profession. Furthermore, they argue that the profession is weakened by internal strife and that is used as the trigger by government to cut the activity of pharmacist. Seemingly, the studies is linier to arguments from Johnson (Johnson 1972). He describes that state intervention into an occupation is a major determinant why an occupational groups such as pharmac本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。