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1.1 Reviews of the Studies on Multiple Intelligences
在上世纪60年代，美国追求和最好的教育质量的高度重视。而这一趋势很快就成为了教育改革的竞选主张，每个孩子都可以学习，可以达到高标准的学习。多元智能理论，只是把病房在这样的教育改革大潮。多元智能理论强调个人的潜能得到充分发现和发挥。更重要的是，扩展多元智力理论的概念是教给学生因材施教。上述所有特点是在追求高品质为教育）旧不满对传统智力发展超出传统智力理论为核心语言智能和数学逻辑智能，忽视其他能力同样重要的人类巧合潮的存在。霍华德·加德纳质疑这一观点的合理性和适合性。他认为人的智力可以以各种形式呈现的是一种生理和心理的某种方式处理信息的潜力。加德纳是率先做出了全面的分析，人类学，认知心理学，发展心理学，数学心理学，传记研究，生物心理学等。根据这些研究的成果，他提出了一个严重的标准除以情报的。In the 60’s of the last century, the US pursued and highly valued finestEducation quality. And this trend soon became a campaign for an educationreform which advocated that every child could learn and could attain highstandards in learning. The Multiple Intelligence Theory is just put forwardin such a tide of education reform. The Multiple Intelligence Theorystresses that individuals’ potentials should be fully discovered and exerted.What’s more, the extended concept of Multiple Intelligence Theory is toteach students in accordance with their aptitude. All the abovecharacteristics are in coincidence with the tide for pursuing the high qualityof education.2) A Development beyond the Old—Discontents towards TraditionalIntelligenceThe traditional intelligence theories take linguistic intelligence andlogical-mathematical intelligence as cores neglecting other abilities equallyimportant in human existence. Howard Gardner questioned the rationalityand aptness of this viewpoint. He believes that human intelligence whichcan be presented in various forms is a kind of physical and mental potentialfor processing information in certain way. Gardner is the first to make acomprehensive analysis of anthropology, cognitive Psychology,developmental psychology, mathematical psychology, biographic research,biological psychology and so on. And according to the achievements ofthese researches, he puts forward a serious of standards for dividingintelligence.

1.1.2 Connotations of Multiple Intelligence Theory
Gardener defines Multiple Intelligence as human’s physical and mentalpotentials to process certain information. He has put forward eight kinds ofintelligences in his new intelligence concept (Figure1-1):园丁多元智能定义为人类的生理和心理潜能，处理某些信息。他提出了8种智能在他的新的智能概念（图1）：
1）语言智能这种类型的智力可以反映在人们的书面语言，学习语言的能力和语言应用能力的敏感性。人们谁拥有强大的语言智能，有良好的表达，听，说，读，写能力。

1) Linguistic IntelligenceThis type of intelligence can be reflected in people’s sensitivity forwritten language, capability for learning language and ability of languageapplication. People who own strong linguistic intelligence have goodexpression, listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities.
2) Logical-Mathematical IntelligenceThis intelligence can be presented in many aspects: mathematicalcalculations, logical thinking, problem solving, deductive reasoning,inductive reasoning and identifying patterns and relations. Peoplepredominant in this intelligence are good at calculation, abstract thinking and analyzing.
3) Bodily-Kinesthetic IntelligenceThis intelligence refers to the ability to use the whole body or parts ofthe body to solve problems and create products. Generally speaking, peoplebetter in this intelligence can operate objects easily and precisely.
4) Musical IntelligenceThis kind of ability can be performed in people’s faculty for feeling,identifying, adapting and expressing various musical forms. These includecreating sounds, understanding sounds as well as communicating throughsounds.
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