The development of cognitivescience offers a thorough and systematic way to the analysis of polysemy [3]
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论文字数:4890论文编号:org201401091919581590语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:cognitivepolysemyheadmetaphor
摘要:If the ordinary word in the source domain cannot findits normal counterpart in the target domain through mapping,a new sense will pop upand the process of polysemization begins. When the new senses are accepted and co-exist with the original senses of the word,this word is polysemized. And the coexis-tence of original sense and derived sense is the case of polysemy.
nd some of its meanings are extended by means of metaphor.Usually,head has the following 18 senses:Sense ( 1) the upper part of the human body;Sense ( 2) the mind or brain;Sense ( 3) the size of a person’s or animal’s head,used as a measurement ofdistance or height;Sense ( 4) a continuous pain in your head;Sense ( 5) the side of a coin that has a picture of the head of a person on it,usedas one choice when a coin is tossed to decide something;Sense ( 6) the end of a long,narrow object that is larger or wider than the rest ofit;Sense ( 7) the top or highest part of something;Sense ( 8) the place where a river begins;Sense ( 9) the most important seat at a table;Sense ( 10) the position at the front of a line of people;Sense ( 11) the mass of leaves or flowers at the end of a stem;Sense ( 12) the person in charge of a group of people or an organization;Sense ( 13) ( British English) the person in charge of a school or college;Sense ( 14) the mass of small bubbles on the top of a glass of beer;Sense ( 15) the part of a spot on your skin that contains a thick yellowish liquid;Sense ( 16) the part of a tape recorder or video recorder that touches the tapeand changes the electrical signals into sounds and / or pictures;Sense ( 17) used to say how many animals of a particular type are on a farm,in aherd,etc. ;Sense ( 18) the pressure produced by steam in an enclosed space.In these above 18 senses,Sense( 1) is the core meaning,and the other senses arederived from the core which acts as the original prototype meaning,and each meaningis only suitable for one particular context. Then,how the developed meaning arises isgoing to be figured out.1. Polysemous analysis of headThe various meanings of a polysemous word should be related. There are two im-portant processes in the development of word meaning: concatenation and radiation.Concatenation,which means “linking together”,is a semantic process in whichthe meaning of a word moves gradually from its first sense by successive shifts like thelinks of a chain. In concatenation,though the latest sense can be traced back to the o-riginal,there is no direct connection in between. According to the senses of head,weknow Sense ( 10) ,( 12) and ( 13) are derived from sense ( 7) . Beside,from Sense( 6) ,Sense ( 11) is derived.Radiation is the semantic process in which the primary or central meaning standsat the center,while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like rays.The meanings are independent of one another,but can all be tracked back to the cen-tral meaning. The word head affords a good example. The primary meaning is Sense( 1) ,from this sense derived Sense( 2) ,Sense ( 3) ,Sense ( 4) ,Sense ( 5) ,Sense( 6) ,Sense ( 7) ,sense ( 17) and Sense ( 18) . And Sense ( 7) derives Sense ( 8) ,Sense ( 9) ,Sense ( 10) ,Sense ( 14) ,Sense ( 15) and Sense ( 16) .As different stages of the development leading to polysemy,radiation and concat-enation are closely related. Generally,radiation precedes concatenation. In many ca-ses,the two processes work together and complement each other. The network ofmeanings of head is as in Figure 2.The essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing interms of another. Thus,metaphor involves two domains,one is the source domain,andthe other is the target domain. Since the head is the research subject,the two mappingdomains are head and concrete domain,and correspondingly,head and abstract do-main.( 1) Mapping from head to concrete domainMap
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