论母语迁移对中国学生英语学习的影响 [5]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-17编辑:黄丽樱点击率:21341
论文字数:7238论文编号:org200904171612521853语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:mother languagenegative transferpositive transfelanguage knowledge English teaching母语负迁移正迁语言知识英语教学
eech. And it has the fixed order. But in English, hyperbaton can be divided into entire hyperbaton and partial hyperbaton. Many learners often confuse how and when to use them. E.g. Seldom I go to the cinema. (The right expression should be: Seldom do I go to the cinema.)(II) The transfer in the passive sentencePassive voice is an expressive way that people like to use, especially in English. In Chinese, the passive voice is marked with a word “bei” or “you”. If this word appears in a sentence, it means that this sentence is a passive sentence. And in Chinese people use more active voice than passive voice. Sometimes people will use active voice to express the passive meaning. But in English, passive voice is used more often than in Chinese. Therefore, when Chinese people learn English, they may ignore the right expression of passive voice in English. e.g. (3) It can find in the room. (4) The door will close at ten o’clock. (5) The book wrote by Liu Ming.In Chinese, when an active sentence changes into a passive one, it is ok to add a word ‘bei’ or ‘you’. But in English, except for adding a marked word “be” (Be can be changed into a proper form according to the person in the sentence.), the verb after ‘be’ should changed to passive voice too. In this area, as a result of different grammatical habit between Chinese and English, transfer would appear. Look the following sentence:(6) You are allow to go home now.(7) The window has been broke.[5]P125-126(III) The transfer in negative sentenceNot all the meanings that negative sentences express in English are the same as that in Chinese. In English, negation can be divided into full negation and partial negation. Generally speaking, if such words as ‘all, both, everyone, everything, everywhere, whole, always, altogether, etc.’ is combined with the word ‘not’, the sentence is expressing partial negation. If such words as “none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, nowise, etc.’ is combined with the word ‘not’, the sentence is expressing full negation. For beginners, it is a little difficult to adjust this rule, so they might make mistakes in this area.e.g. (8) All men can not move the stone.Maybe many beginners would translate it as a full negative sentence according to the literal meaning. But in fact it is a partial negative sentence. This is the difference between Chinese and English.Another example:(9)I don’t think you are right.In this sentence, ‘not’ is not used to modify ‘think’, but ‘right’. This is a mistake the beginners may easily make. The third difference in negative sentence between Chinese and English is that Chinese permit pre-verbal negation, while English permit post-verbal negation. For example, Chinese people may use this sentence “I not am a student” to express the meaning of ‘I am not a student’. [5]P1263.1.5. The discourse transferAfter the contrastive study for the discourse, people find that why the transfer occurred in the discourse (esp. in people’s manners) is because of different concepts of different people who come from different Countries. Now let’s see the following examples:(I) In requestThe manner that Chinese and English people used in request is different. In English, people like to use more euphemistic words when they have some requests. This can be shown in the daily life. For example, in English, when they ask their family members to do something, they must use an indirect and tactful language. e.g. Father: Jim, can you open the windows
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