英语论文网

Heidegger lays the foundation for his existentialism.He thinks man lives in ameaningless world,and existence itself is meaningless,but he can make his own life based onhis existence and live it to the fullest.In his dialectic,Hegel refers to the concept of“subject”and states that the subject is self-denying and self-disintegrating in nature.“This substance assubject existence is pure negation,simple bifurcation.It establishes the duality of oppositionand then proceeds to the negation of this diversity and antithesis.”(Xu Chongwen,1986).The negation in Hegel’s dialectic is the basis of the main concepts of Sartre’sphilosophical thought.Sartre develops his process as“for itself”.“The meaning of for-itself iswhat it’s not,it’s not what it is”(Sartre,1956).Hegel’s dialectics is the theoretical source forSartre’s concepts of“in-itself”and“for-itself”.“The existence of being-in-itself is notconnected with other things,and only exists in its inherent form,purely independent,andeternally static”(Lu Yunkun,2010).The opposite is the existence of being-for-itself,that is,the existence of human consciousness,which is constantly changing.“Heidegger’sphenomenology shows that the concept of“being”(Dasein)signifies the state of being andhighlights the value and meaning of existence.In particular,the human way of being isspecial compared to other ways of being.Appropriating Heidegger’s ideas,Sartre focusesparticularly on the state of human existence and devotes himself to exploring the value andmeaning of human existence”(Samuel,1998).

2.2 Sartre and His Existentialism

Jean-Paul Sartre(1905-1980)was one of the most famous French philosophers of the20th century and a leading exponent of atheistic existentialism.His book Being andNothingness is the philosophical platform of existentialism,and his play The Chamber ofSecrets strengthens the influence of existentialist literature.Sartre’s Nausea and Camus’s TheOutsider,the most classic novels of Existentialism,are mostly early works of Existentialistliterature that represent the meaninglessness of life in an absurd world.Instead of writingabout inaction in a world of dystopia,Sartre intends to pursue hope in a world of despair,andhis literary and philosophical achievements are well-known.After World War II,Frenchexistentialist philosophy was divided into two factions.One was Christian existentialism,represented by Simone Weil and Gabriel Marcel,and the other was atheism,represented byJean-Paul Sartre,Albert Camus,and Beauvoir,which was also known as Sartre’sexistentialism.

Sartre’s existentialism can be summarized in the following three points:one is that“existence precedes essence”,the“existence”of man comes first,and the“essence”comessecond.“First of all,it is the existence,the appearance,the appearance of the person,and laterthe description of itself”(Sartre,1956).Secondly,“the world is absurd,and life is painful”.“In this society of“perception of sex”,there are conflicts,struggles,and cruelties between people,full of ugliness and crimes,and everything is absurd.The world can only give people endlessbitterness,disappointment,pessimism,and negativity,and life is painful.This is true for thepoor,and for the rich”(Sartre,1956).The third is“freedom of choice”.This is the essence ofexistentialism.The core of existential本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。