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;theory  of language  as  a  CAS  and  prove  the  interpretation  power  of  CAS  for  language phenomena.  (2)  Practically,  this  study  will  provide  implications  for  lexicographers  to  make more reliable and persuasive decisions on entries adopted in both English and Chinese dictionaries.  
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Chapter Two   Literature review  

2.1 Introduction  
The research of V-ing forms has been lasted for a very long time, and the problem of  grammatical  categories  of  V-ing  forms  has  been  a  hot  and  difficult  issue  in linguistic circle. V-ing forms have been paid close attention to by many linguists, and they are usually considered as an inflectional change of verbs. Lexicalization, as one of dynamic changing forms in language, is an important issue in linguistic studies.   
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2.2 Lexicalization 
As considerable grammaticalization researches go on, the study of lexicalization has  recently  been  one  of  hot  topics  among  the  linguistic  circle.  The  research  themes range  widely  and  many  achievements  have  been  made  by  foreign  and  domestic linguists.  However,  as  to  the  understanding  of  lexicalization,  linguists  have  not achieved a consensus, because of different research ideas and perspectives.  Some  researches  consider  lexicalization  just  as  a  static  result  of  language evolution. Lexicalization was firstly put forward by Kurylowicz (1975), who thought the  process  of  lexicalization  was  opposite  to  grammaticalization.  Talmy  (2000)  and Jackendoff  (2002)  paid  attention  to  predicates,  and  offered  cross-linguistic  evidence for  the  possibility  of  conflating  complex  structures  into  a  simple  lexical  form.  Horn (2001)  and  Levinson  (2000)  made  a  cross-linguistic  study  for  negative  meanings related  to  several  quantifiers  (e.g.  all)  and  modal  verbs  (e.g.  must).  The  domestic researchers,  such  as  Wang  Jianwei  &  Miao  Xingwei  (2001),  Dong  Xiufang  (2002) and Wang Canlong (2005) also made some related studies.  On the other hand, other scholars take lexicalization as a dynamic process during language  use.  Bussmann  (1996)  pointed  out,  lexicalization  referred  to  “the  adoption of  a  word  into  the  lexicon  of  a  language  as  a  usual  formation  that  is  stored  in  the lexicon  and  can  be  recalled  from  there  for  use”.  Blank  (2001)  believed  that lexicalization was “a process by which ne本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。