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ental risks and calling for reform on environmental policies by means of exercising violence and destruction. The thought behind eco-terrorism originated from the radical environmentalism movement, which gained currency during the 1960s. 

Conclusion

By employing contemporary theories, this thesis carries out a systematic and comprehensive analysis of John Brunner’s The Sheep Look Up from the perspective of risks. Though it made its first début five decades ago, the novel still functions as a weapon against the overlook of risks in contemporary society. The apocalyptic scenarios in the novel sound an alarm for actions in the future. 

Brunner conceives a world where nature is greatly blighted by risks, whose severity and extensiveness have spared neither the air nor the sea, making the planet unlivable. Human health is ruthlessly impaired. Though both the rich and the poor have to cope with risks, they bear disproportionate risks due to their discrepancy in income, power or education. While poverty attracts an unfortunate abundance of risks, the highly-paid can purchase safety and freedom from risks. On a global scale, hazardous industries are transferred to poor countries. Therefore, there is always a correspondence between extreme poverty and extreme risk.

The causes of risks are diverse and complex. Modern science and technology are inapt to deal with risks inflicted on ecological system and human health. The avaricious and mercenary capitalist enterprises endanger both human life and nature, for the simple reason that economic benefits are the sole pursuit of capitalist productivity and efficiency. Eco-racism is another culprit for the victimization of the poor in a world risk society. 

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