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pective to the details and margins of the text, re-limited the original broad and boundless theory of intertextuality to the relationship between specific texts, and created a series of theories of text research methods. Genette summarized the possible relationships between all texts and put forward a transtextual poetics system with five elements in Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree. Moreover, he took the paratext as a critical aspect of his transtextual theoretical research. In Paratexts: Thresholders of Interpretation, a book published in 1987, Genette systematically studied the types contained in the concept of paratext, divided the paratext into thirteen types, and pointed out that the significance of the paratext was to present the original text. Paratext refers to those elements that “enables a text to become a book and to be offered as such to its readers and, more generally, to the public” (Genette, 1997:407), that is, the text elements that exist around the main text and have specific reading auxiliary functions. In 1991, Genette divided the paratext according to position and time context in Introduction to the paratext, which expanded the research scope. Genette divides the paratexts into peritext and epitext according to the spatial location. The peritexts are the cover, title, the please-insert, dedications and inscriptions, epigraphs, and other information presented within the text, and the epitexts are the information that lies outside the finished book but is closely related to the original text, such as the author’s interviews and comments.

Chapter Three Intratextuality in The Underground Railroad ............................. 22

3.1 Fragments of History and Intratextuality of Context ............................ 23

3.2 Collage and Intratextuality of Plot .................................. 26

3.3 Assimilation and Intratextuality of Character .............................. 30

Chapter Four Extratextuality in The Underground Railroad .............................. 35

4.1 Rewriting Characters of Slave Narratives ............................... 36

4.2 Echoing Plot Structures of Literary Intertexts ........................... 38

4.3 Reinterpreting Themes of Literary Intertexts .......................... 43

Chapter Five Conclusion .............................. 48

Chapter Four Extratextuality in The Underground Railroad

4.1  Rewriting Characters of Slave Narratives

The intertextuality between The Underground Railroad and slave narratives is manifested in the mutual reference and deepening of traditional writing patterns and traditional characters. Because slave narrative has the same writing purpose, African-American slave narrative novels are highly similar in character, plot, and theme. Under the stylized narrative mode, there are many similarities in narrative content, and the main characters of the story are also fixed on people of color. The main content of The Underground Railroad is the flight of enslaved woman Cora all the way head up north from the plantation, which is a typical fugitive slave narrative, inheriting the structure, plot, and characters of the traditional slave narrative. 

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