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st thing that they can do for the family is marrying the son of a rich family, regardless of the man’s age, knowledge and personality.” (Peter Earle, 1989: 186) The choices that middle-class men and women above fully illustrate the importance of wealth in marriage, and also reflect the expectation of the middle class to realize upward mobility. At the same time, the aristocracy in the 18th century also has class mobility. “The status of many old aristocrats is mainly maintained by choosing and capturing rich marriage partners.” (Laurence Stone, 1967: 91) For example, the Tushite family originally is a small family in Derbyshire, but later marries the Audley family in the upper class; The Boucher family is the youngest branch of the family. One generation marries the heir of the Fitzwilliam family in upper class and the other generation marries the heir of the Dinham family in upper class too. Thus, the two families gain a higher status. On the contrary, some aristocrats whose titles disappear because they do not have male heir. Or the primogeniture forces other sons to leave the aristocratic family to find another way to make a living. Some aristocrats who insisted on the traditional way of production in the 18th century’s industrial transformation and could not keep up with the pace of the times. As a result, their income could not provide enough financial resources to maintain a lifestyle commensurate with their status. These families gradually declined, or eventually fall out the ranks of aristocrats. Therefore, in the 18th century, class mobility occurred from time to time, especially in the middle class. 

Chapter Two  The Covert Progression of Fall of The First Empire in Mansfield Park 

2.1 Historical Background Related to Mansfield Park

It is known to us all that the First British Empire sign the Treaty of Paris in 1783, officially recognizing the independence of the United States. Since then, the First British Empire centered on America has officially disintegrated. After the independence of the United States, “Britain’s troubles in India have also peaked; even on the coast of Africa, there were battles, and the French and British fought a tug of war over trade.” (James Adams, 1938: 379) After that, the American spirit of independence also inspired the Irish people. In 1798, a large-scale uprising broke out in Ireland, trying to break away from British ruling. The spirit of freedom is spreading. In addition to the spirit of freedom brought by American Independence to other colonies, we should also consider one question that is why the North American colonies are fighting for independence. From the 17th century, the North American colonies almost handled their internal affairs freely. Moreover, “in the early establishment of the colony, the struggle between the British Parliament and the king became increasingly fierce.” (Martin Kitchen, 1996: 3) Therefore, the British government naturally failed to formulate a general imperial policy, and some colonial parliaments even took advantage of the revolution in Britain to expand their power. In the 18th century, the British Empire was once again engaged in the battle with France. At this time, “the American colonies surrounded and finally seized Fort Louis, which was considered as an impregnable French fortress, without any help from Britain.” (James Adams, 1938: 344) Unfortunately, the outstan本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。