cross-cultural management
论文作者:51lunwen论文属性:学期论文 termpaper登出时间:2009-01-24编辑:点击率:18837
论文字数:2669论文编号:org200901241403424998语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 33
关键词:culture managementmultinational corporationconsuetudebusiness abroadnormally English
1. Introduction
Before we discuss this big question what culture is, let us first answer to “why we have to learn cross culture management?”. The subject of cross culture management is the result of generation development, the globalization economy urges the individuals and communities from different culture to work and study together, and makes your product accepted and used by people from different culture and consuetude. To many managers of the multinational corporations, cross culture management has become a part of their everyday work, they work and communicate with people from different culture and consuetude, the usual situation is your boss or your colleagues come from different countries from yours. Therefore, the managers not only have to study a particular culture, but also have to know how different culture influences the attitude and behavior, as well as their association interaction. In addition, the multinational corporations commonly have the long-term business abroad, the managers even if do not need to live in other country, but they will need to travel to other country for business, work and deal with people from different nation, so how to solve the problem on the business effectively becomes a rigorous challenge. No matter which country you are going, apparently the way people dress and the language(normally English) people using are not much different from
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your country, that makes you overlook the factors of culture, then make an assumption that people are similar. But when you have some important problem of negotiating and intercommunicating, you will find that they really have differences of reaction, behavior, and the way of thinking from you. So that if you do not have cross culture management knowledge, you will find it is hard to cope.
2. What is Culture?
First of all, I would like to introduce you some common definitions of culture and some most widespread use of theories of culture. Then I like to tell what my comprehension and definition of culture is.
2.1 Definition of culture
Culture is in society such as memory is in individual. It is precipitated from past life and manifested in language, character, music, arts, tools,
architectures, even became the style of clothing, the way of eating and living, and that influences people’s thinking and behavior. Culture refers to these ways of life:(language, arts and sciences, thought, spirituality, religion, social activity, interaction), but not limited to. The concept of culture has been put forward as long as culture itself. There are many
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different definition and theories of culture. Culture is always a collective phenomenon, because it is at least partly shared with people who live or lived within the same social environment, which is where it was learned. It is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another. Cultural concepts that have their foundation in ancient beliefs about survival or fundamental beliefs about right and wrong, good and bad, ugly and beautiful are likely “programmed” at a very deep level of consciousness (Hofstede,1991,Schein,1985). Their meaning might not be apparent to the outsider and can even be obscured to members of the cultural group. Culture is more than a random assortment of customs. It is an organized system of values, beliefs and attitudes that shapes and influences perception and behavior. It is shared by members of a society and that is
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