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sonal approach that Blacks use when engaging in an argument. Blacks do not only debate the idea they also debate the person debating the idea. Thus the idea is only as good as your personal ability to argue it. Whites also characterize the Black argument as threatening when meetings get emotionally charged (Kochman, 1998, pp. 153-154).

 

The most frequent listening response in black listeners is verbal. This is not seen often with white. Authority is often acceded to among whites more quickly that blacks. Blacks reject advice as ill-conceived meddling because the person is not in the same job. Black professionals and non professionals complain about this often (Asante, Gudykunst, & Newmark, 1989) . In the Hampton Inn case this can be observed between the white manager and black employees. The white manager might have thought of suggesting certain ways of doing the job which the black employees might have not liked as they would have believed that the manager is not in their line of work and therefore would not know how to execute the job efficiently.

 

The definition of subjective culture also provides a base for defining diversity in a way that includes both international and domestic cultures at different levels of abstraction. National groups like Japanese, US America and pan-national ethnic groups like Arab and Zuli are cultures with high levels of abstraction; the qualities that adhere to most (not all) members of the culture are mostly general and the groups has a lot of diversity. Here one can only note general differences in pattern of thinking and behavior between cultures. For example, US American culture is individualist and Japanese is more collectivist. At lower level of abstraction specific groups can be described in cultural terms. In USA groups like African American, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino America, and European American can be named in cultural terms. People in these groups might share many of the broader national culture characteristics while differing significantly in the more specific pattern of their own ethnicity (Bennett, 1998, p. 4).

 

In the Hampton Inn case the white manager preferred Hispanic/Latin American to Black or African American. Hispanic Americans have cultural characteristics common to their ethnicity like the Black American even though both are in America. Assuming one cultural group is better in work than the other shows that the manager differentiated workers based on their cultural ethnicity. In lower level of abstraction the two cultures might have shared a broader national culture characteristics of America but at lower level of abstraction the groups own ethnic characteristic differentiate them.

 

Cultures also differ considerably in their use of nonverbal behaviors. Although facial expressions of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise have a universal origin, cultures differ in the rules that govern how these expressions are used. Cultural display rules are rules of expression management that dictate the appropriateness of emotion display depe本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。