英语论文网

d the trouble”(“我害怕麻烦”),“We are always afraid it”(“我们总是害怕它”)等。各语法类型在3个语料库中出现的比例是不同的。下面对“afraid”常用的2种语法类型“Adjof-ing”和“Adjthat”做具体分析。
中国学生使用“Adj of-ing”的频率相对明显高于母语使用者(15%>3•5%; 15%>1•9%),存在明显使用过度的现象。另一语法类型“Adj that”有时可以省略“that”。因此,我们可以说“I m afraid that he ll be late”也可以说“I m afraid he ll be late”。但对于什么时候可省略“that”,什么时候不可以省,没人能给出明确的答案。我们平时使用时也很少注意到这个问题,似乎省或不省“that”是随意的,可根据自己的习惯来决定。从CLEC的语料中发现,中国学生使用这一语法类型确实是这么考虑的。我们从CLEC语料库中随机选取了5个使用了“Adj that”语法类型、并保留了“that”的句子(句子中的错误均保持原样):
(1) One day Crusoe saw the mark of a man’s foot in the sand. He was afraid that there was a savage nearby.
(2) It was very bright and big. As I had never seen it. So I was afraid that I run faster.
(3) Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man s foot. He was afraid that the savages made the mark nearby.
(4) It s a very important for us. Though I m afraid that I don t examination well, I will try my best to do the best.
(5) They took part in the singing match, too. I was afraid that I would sing so bad that we couldn t take a good champion.
分析这些句子,我们发现它们并没有什么特别之处,也找不出具体的理由来解释为什么要保留其中的“that”。如果去掉“that”,它们仍可以成立。
然而通过考察这一语法类型在BROWN和LOB语料库中的使用情况,我们发现母语使用者对“that”的取舍是有理据的。在BROWN和LOB语料库中保留“that”的语法类型总共出现了7次,如下所示:
(6) Your dream clearly expresses you have certain doubts about yourself or your fiance, and are afraid that with him you will lead a rather lonely life, and in the end he will get tired of you and leave you.
(7)“I suppose I ve wanted it too, but I ve been afraid.” “Afraid?” “Yes. Afraid that you would push me away, and then everything would have been over before it started....”
(8)“... I am afraid, Nick, old fellow,that we shall have to ask the police to help us, for there has been a very sinister development.”
(9) Bertie was frowning at her,afraid that Robert would imagine she was giving him too broad a hint.
(10) Hal,afraid that his new treasure would be taken away from him, picked up the cage and dashed from the house to the garden shed, ....
(11) They re very much afraid that if the Opposition get a Commission of Enquiry some rather dismal stuff is going to come out.
(12) He felt suddenly afraid that the forester was beginning to think it ser本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。