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Coloured: people of mixed origin, mainly Afrikaans speaking and also a lot closer to the white cultural trends.

Asian: people of Indian decent.

The above text was referenced from: South African culture is impossible to capture in a nutshell, as the country is home to a rich variety of cultural groups of diverse ethnic and national origins. [sa]

South Africa has eleven official languages, namely English, Afrikaans, Tsonga, Zulu, Tswana, Xhosa, Venda, Swazi, Southern Sotho, Ndebele and Sepedi. (South African Languages and Cultures [sa])

South Africa’s language distribution is as follows:

Figure: Language distribution chart (South Africa Info)

4.2.1 Xhosa

Figure: Distribution of Xhosa speakers (South African Info)

Language:

‘The word ‘Xhosa’ is derived from the Khoisan language, which means ‘angry men’.’ – South African Languages and Cultures [sa]

There are about eighteen percent of Xhosa speaking people in South Africa, and are mainly found in the Eastern Cape. (South African Languages and Cultures [sa]) This makes Xhosa the second most spoken language in South Africa. (Languages of South Africa 2010:1)

There are nine Xhosa speaking groups, some chiefdom’s are larger than others, but there is conformity among them, the conformity can be seen in the homestead layouts. (Magubane 1998:10)

Culture:

The Xhosa speaking people were one of the first chiefdom’s to be ‘exposed to European explorers, hunters, traders, missionaries, soldiers and colonial administrators.’ - (Magubane 1998:12) This exposure therefore altered the culture of the Xhosa people.

Xhosa marriage is a polygynous affair as the chiefs and wealthy men, who had lots of cattle married more than one woman and in some instanced has as many as four wives. (Magubane 1998:20) These wives were ‘distinguished in rank according to different houses.’ (Magubane 1998:20)

The Great Wife was responsible in bearing a son, and of course heir who would eventually take over his father’s possessions, i.e. cattle. (Magubane 1998:24)

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