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verything else out there. They split mind from body, spirit from matter, male from female, culture from nature, in which one concept is deemed superior to the other. The patriarchal belief system portrays men possessing qualities of reason, analysis and characterizes intuitive, while emotional female as passive, weak and irrational and therefore inferior. Man is the master and the measure of all things while women and nature as unimportant extra. According to this hierarchy, there is an impassable gulf between nature and culture, male and female. The Patriarchal society is mainly built on sexism, racism, class exploitation and environmental destructions it is safe to say that the domination and oppression of women and nature is homologous and they all belong to the subordinate category according to patriarchal dualistic ideology.
　　　Thus, just as Warren said, to be a feminist one must also be an ecologist, because domination and oppression of women and nature are inextricably intertwined. To be an ecologist, one must also be a feminist, since without addressing gender oppression and the patriarchal ideology that generates the sexual metaphors of masculine domination of nature, one cannot effectively challenge the world views that threaten the stable evolution of the biosphere, in which human beings participate or perish.(Warren,2000: 43) The goal of ecofeminism is to put all kinds of oppression to an end  and to build a harmonious and mutual dependent world. Ecofeminists try to draw people’s attention to women’s need and appeal to change the traditional values and to respect basic rights of the “other”, the minority, the disadvantaged ones.
　　　 In the 1990s, ecofeminism finally gets its voice heard as a literary theory. Many young scholars begin to adopt an ecofeminist perspective in the interpretation of classic works of both male and female writers. The main feature of ecofeminism is that the presentation of women and nature and the emphasize on the interdependent relationship among others, not just among women and men but also among human beings and other living entities, such as animals, plants and the land. As a new dimension to the literary studies, the aim of ecofeminism in literary criticism is to try to comprehend the writers who fight for the minority’s rights rather than make blindly judgments about them.

　
1.2Willa Cather’s Ecofeministic Ideas威拉·凯瑟的ecofeministic思想

Willa Cather once said in an interview that the Nebraska landscape was the happiness and the curse of her life. The stories of the Midwest pioneering life become the unique feature of her novels, in which the characters lives a harmonious life with nature. Cather’s deep love of nature and concern of the relationship between human and nature remain with her in her lifetime. In this section, the thesis tries to illustrate Cather’s ecofeminism ideas from anti- anthropocentrism and anti-androcentrism aspects respectively.

　　
1.2.1 Anti-anthropocentrism — A Deep Love of Nature反人类中心主义——大自然的热爱

Willa Cather’s reputation as one of American finest novelists is largely because of her ecological awareness. As a nature writer, Cather regards nature as something more than a pool that contains all kinds of natural resources. In her novels, Cather vividly depicts the beautiful scenery of the Nebraska prairie and expresses her deep love of the land and the natu本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。