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The  famous  scholar  on  DeLillo,  Frank  Lentricchia,  edits  the  first  book-length collection of essays including Libra, Introducing Don DeLillo (1991). He is the first critic  to  notice  paranoia  depiction  and  postmodern  features  in  Libra  which  lays foundation for future criticisms.  

There are other monographs about DeLillo should be emphasized: Peter Boxall’s Don DeLillo: The Possibility of Fiction (2003) and John N. Duvall’s The Cambridge Companion to Don DeLillo (2008). The two monographs not only represent DeLillo’s life and critical reviews about his important works, but also both explore the historical narrative in Libra; Boxall puts forward that Libra is a bidirectional novel that rolls moment upon moment towards the becoming of history and DeLillo, as Duvall puts emphasis on the literary power of history and the function of mystery in Libra. These monographs not only represent the latest study of DeLillo, but also further strengthen DeLillo’s status in the academic circle.  

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Chapter Two Relative Theories

2.1 Trauma

The word “trauma” originated from Greek word “traumatize” that refers to the injury to one’s body or wound that hurt by cellular tissue. With the development of trauma theory, the definition of “trauma” has changed. According to Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, trauma refers to “an injury or wound to a living body caused by the application of external force or violence;  a psychological  or emotional stress  or blow that may produce  disordered feelings or behavior, and the state or condition of mental or emotional shock produce by such a stress or a physical injury.” The systematic studies and researches on trauma originated  from  only  a  century  ago,  with  steady  and  passions,  psychologists  have revealed the truth of psychological trauma step by step and various scholars have made great efforts to apply trauma with other disciplines including literary analysis. 

2.1.1 Trauma as a Psychological Symptom

Various  of  influential  researchers  on  trauma  have  put  forward  their  different opinions. One of the most recognized definition of trauma is made by Sigmund Freud that “the wounding of the mind brought about by sudden, unexpected, emotional shock” (Leys 4). And Judith Herman provides a brand-new idea in his representative work Trauma and Recovery (1992) that “The study of psychological trauma has a curious history—  one  of  episodic  amnesia”  (Herman  7).  Researches  on  trauma  have  been continuing for long time, however, the traumatic symptoms are still not clearly defined. By the mid-1890s, scholars had all accepted that hysteria originated from psychological trauma,  but  Freud  and  Janet  made  it  different  terms  th本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。