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g for illness is de2pressing. I donp t want to weep now and then.(刘伟 , 111 words)文中画线的两个“it”指代不明。从上下文来看 , 应指“我种的花” 。如果把第一个“it”改成“my flowers”, 把第二个改成“they”, 就可以避免这样的问题。译者具有多重身份 , 在读原文时是原文读者 , 在翻译过程中是译者 , 在译后检查阶段又是译文读者。但学生往往会忘却自己译文读者这个身份 , 即便检查 , 也因为自己对所译内容较熟悉而“想当然”地认为其他读者也是能够读懂译文的 ,这就导致了照应这种连接手段的滥用。出现指代不明现象的译文在 80 篇中占有不小的比例。再看译文五:　
　 (五) I love flowers , so I love plantingflowers. I havenp t become an expert of plantingflowers because I have no time for research or ex2periment. I only regard planting flowers as apleasure in my life. So long as they bloom I willbe very happy without caring the flowers’beingbig or small , good or bad. In summer , there areflowers and grasses everywhere in my courtyard ,and there is no space for cat s to play , so they canonly play on the roof . There are many flowersbut no exotic plant s. These flowers are hard togrow , and it is a sorrow to see a good flower dy2ing. I donp t want to shed tears f requently. (黄婷婷 , 117 words)在这篇译文中 , “flowers” 重复了三次 , “plantingflowers”三次; 第一个“they”用于指代“花”, 第二个用于指代“猫”, “these flowers”指代“exoticplant sp”使用了照应这种衔接手段; “flowers andgrasses”和“plant s”构成了词汇衔接中的上下义关系;“exotic”和“good”则是同义词。另外 ,“thereare. . .”句和“there is no. . .”句句式一样 , 使用了同构关系这种衔接手段。译文五共运用衔接十次 , 衔接手段五种: 重复、照应、上下义、同义词和同构。但是仔细分析就可以看出: 除了“therebe”句型达到的同构效果外 , 其余九处与原文的衔接手段是一样的 , 而“there be”句型的使用 , 不客气地说 , 也是因为译者没有动脑子去想一想有没有其他的表达方法。这样的译文在 80 篇中占一半以上的比例。译者仅仅满足于把原文内容传达成英文 , 没有留心 ,或者说并不关心译文的衔接。他们的译文中也有各种衔接手段 , 但这并不是出于译者的努力 , 而是机械传达原文内容的需要。汉语是意合的语言 , 句子平均长度较英语短 , 句间关联词的使用频率低于英语 , 也正因为如此 , 字字对应地把汉语译成英语但不做修饰润色 , 这样的英语是不地道的 , 读起来也总有些别扭。再看译文六和译文七:
　　 (六) I love flowers so I love keepingthem, too. But I am not an expert in keepingflowers because I have no spare time to do re2searches or experiment s. I only regard keepingflowers as a pleasure in life. I am glad that theflowers are blooming and donp t mind whether theblossoms are big , beautiful or not . When summercomes , my small yard is occupied by plant s. Nospace is lef t for kit tens to play so they move theirplayground up onto the roof of the house. Thereare many plant s in my yard but all are commonones. Rare plant s are too tender to keep alive.Seeing a beautiful flower dying of illness will sad2den me and I donp t like weeping too of ten. (李玉玲 , 125 words)译文六的衔接手段分析如下: “them”用于指代“flowers”, 使用了照应这种衔接手段; “keepingflowers”重复了三次 , “plant s”重复了两次; “theflowers”和 “the blossoms”是同义词衔接 ,“plant s”和“flowers”也是同义词衔接; “they”照应上文的“kit tens” ; “ones”用于替代“plant s” ;“common ones”和“rare plant s”, 以及“alive”和“dying”是反义词衔接; 而“a beautiful flower”和“rare plant s”构成了同义词衔接。全文共运用衔接十次 , 使用衔接手段五种: 照应、重复、替代、同义词和反义词。译文六的译者已经有意识地使用不同的词汇衔接手段来促进译文的连贯了 , 但是在句子层面上 ,做得还不够。
　　 (七) I like flowers , which leads to my in2terest in growing them. However , I have not be2come an expert in growing flowers , because Idonp t have enough time to make researches andexperiment s. I only regard it as a kind of pleasurein life. It doesnp t mat ter whether the flowersbloom big or small , bad or good , Ipm content aslong as they bloom. When summer comes , mylit tle yard is covered with flowers , so there is noplayground for the cat s , who , therefore , have toplay on the roof . Many as the flowers are , no u2nique ones. Unique flowers canp t survive easily.Itp s very sad to see a beautiful flower get ill anddying. And I donp t want to see my tears f romtime to time. (林强 , 126 words)译文七的衔接手段分析如下: “which”和“who”这两个定语从句连接词起的是替代作用;“them”和“they”回指上文的“flowers”, “it”回指“planting flowers”, 都使用了照应这种衔接手段;“growing flowe