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which are considered as the head-complement relation and thehead-specificer relation (Hale＆Keyser 1999). In LAS, there are two kinds of denominalverbs, location verbs and locatum verbs. Here are two examples, Location verbs and locatum verbs have similar syntactic base structure in common. Theyare different from each other only in the properties of the prepositions which head theirrespective PP complements. Verbs like shelve and saddle are formed using the head movementvariant of Move-a…by means of Incorporation (Hale＆Keyser, 1993:54).However, Hale and Keyser’s syntactical description on location and locatum verbs hasits theoretical limitation. In their view, surface structure and deep structure have identicalmeaning. This point is criticized by some linguists who claim that different syntax containsdifferent meanings.
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2.2 Semantic Approach
Kirparsky (1997:841) introduces canonical use to explain the use and the function of theobjects denoted by the parent nouns. Canonical use is conventional use. A canonical use of athing will be involved when an action is named after a thing. Readers or listeners can get theinterpretations of denominal verbs with the general principles referring to conceptualknowledge. Shelf is used to put on books, and saddle is generally used to put on horses. Both of thesentences can be constructed because they involve the canonical use of shelf and saddle.Receivers derive the meaning easily according to their conceptual knowledge.Canonical use，however, failed in systematic semantic explanation. The notion should beframed to a great extent by pragmatic factors such as community rules, social norms andreligious beliefs, etc. Xu Shenghuan (1981) divides N-V conversion in English into tenclasses by semantic relations between subject and object to represent underlying relation of semantic combination. Xu Shenghuan (2001) proclaims his hypothesis Mutual Inclusion ofSemantic Contents of Noun and Verb, in which he believes that the semantic content of a nounentails some semantic components denoting actions and that of a verb also entails somesemantic components denoting things.The theories of canonical use of nouns and Mutual Inclusion of Semantic Contents ofNoun and Verb reveal the motivation of N-V conversion in semantic perspective. We cannotuse the theories to explain the generative process of meaning construction in N-V conversion.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Background ..... 15
3.1 Introduction to Cognitive Grammar...... 15
3.2 Construal Approach to Meaning ...... 16
3.3 Word Category ........ 24
Chapter Four Metaphorical Perspective on N-V Conversion...... 27
4.1 Introduction ........ 27
4.1.1 Definition of Metaphor...... 27
4.1.2 General Features of Metaphor..... 28
4.2 N-V Conversion Is Metaphorical ..... 32
4.3 Summary ....... 35
Chapter Five Metonymic Perspective on N-V Conversion...... 37
5.1 Definition of Metonymy.... 37
5.1.1 Traditional Definition........ 37
5.1.2 Cognitive Definition..... 38
5.2 Conceptual Nature of Metonymy..... 40
5.3 Classification of Metonymy ........ 43
5.4 Metonymy in N-V Conversion.... 48
5.5 Metaphor-Metonymy Coexistence in N-V Conversion ...... 52
5.6 Summary ....... 55

Chapter Six Classification of N-V Conversion

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