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Chapter OneINTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research
In daily English encountering nominalization is a very common phenomenon. Thefollowing are the examples (COCA, unless otherwise mentioned, the instances are fromthe COCA online corpus): In the above examples, the sentence (a) is the common and conventionalexpression, while sentence (b) is the example of typical nominalizations phenomenon.The examples such as (1), (2) and (3), are the instances that the process takes place at the word level. There are also nominalizations from complex nominal heads (example(4)). And they also consist of clauses acting as the nominalizations (as in (5)). Theabove examples show that nominalization is the process of nouns converted from otherword classes, for instance, verbs, adjectives, subordinate clauses and so on.The process of nominalization is the process of mental changes. It is transformedfrom the deep structure to the surface structure through a series of psychologicaloperation. So that it embodies that nominalization is the most common feature ofhuman language structure and makes the language structure more refined. Based on theabove mentioned characteristic, nominalization is one of the main research objectives oflinguistics and language Philosophy.
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1.2 Significances of the Research
This part would expound the significance of the research from the theoretical andpractical perspectives as the following:“Nominalization is not only pervasive but theoretically significant” (Langacker1991:22. Nominalizations are a distinct feature of written English text, especially afeature of scientific English. Moreover nominalization is not only a very importantphenomenon of the written texts, but also is the common feature of the humanlanguages. Last but not least, nominalization contributes to language economy andbrings convenience to the human communication. And -er and -ee systems are the mostproductive and representative branches of this language branch. Thus, their highfrequencies in usage and productivity all indicate the important role which it plays inthe language system. There is an oblique requirement for a scientific, effective andsystematic study of the -er and -ee nominal system. The study with acognitive-functional approach to -er and -ee nominals would provide a more deep andrepresentative approach to the language phenomenon. Theoretically it can make up theshortage of the previous studies, which specially focus on the extensive aspects and lackthe case study of a representative and productive system.Nowadays, when the process of communication and exchange of information haveincreased in all domains, all devices that allow the condensation of information arebecoming a crucial subject. In the emergence of new scientific thought language is notjust a means of gained knowledge, which is also a means of arriving at new knowledge.And this is where nominalization comes into view. Thus practically the research ishoped that the investigation of such two systems will reveal the potentialities of English in the use of the nominalizations. What’s more it can lead people to make a betterunderstanding of the various vocabularies’ specific meanings in English.
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Chapter TwoLITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 A General Description of Nominalization
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