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ics of discussion on the subject of leadership in organizational science and thousands of literature written and published by leadership experts around the globe, there has been no single agreement on what leadership entails. The existence of various leadership theories and models based on research and observations that have been made for centuries also illustrate that leadership has been a topic of wide interest to experts in the field. Some assertions about leadership have been made based on consistencies in observations, but there are also those made on assumptions without proper understanding of the concept of leadership.

Definition of Leadership

There are many variations in the definition of leadership. Some define it as a general term while others define it in the context of business or organisation.

Despite all the differences, it can be concluded that the various definition point to one general idea. Leadership can be defined as 'a process by which a person uses his influence on others towards accomplishing a common goal or purpose', which is similar to Northouse's (2007, p3) definition. [1] Leaders require followers to achieve an inspired vision to create something new. In the context of an organisation, leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of people to attain an objective and provides direction to the organisation in a cohesive manner. Leaders also require adequate management skills to set the correct direction and guide the followers smoothly and efficiently.

However, certain points that can be emphasized when defining leadership are:

It is seen as a social influence because a leader needs to have at least one follower.

Followers voluntarily choose to follow the leader who may or may not have formal authority. Leaders have a natural influence on followers who may be attracted by his vision for a better life.

Leaders normally have a purpose to which his followers are directed to. A leader's role is basically to lead others with his/her drive and commitment. A leader motivates and encourages people to do things beyond their normal call of duty via effective communication.

In order to qualify as a leader, an individual must have the ability to lead. There are specific mandatory requirements which qualify people to be distinguished as leaders. Besides some basic criteria such as level of education and experience, leaders hold certain characters and traits which make them stand out against the rest of the crowd. Leaders also have the ability to create vision and inspire others to follow his direction towards achieving the vision.

Theories of Leadership

In the process of understanding the science of leadership, experts have stumbled across many theories which had been developed to explain the behaviour and characteristics of certain leadership styles. Full comprehension of the theories will provide insights on how leaders behave in particular ways and in what situations will the leaders be most effective in. By examining these theories, leaders can also anticipate the behaviour of followers in terms of how they respond to specific styles of leadership.

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