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Indonesia

Demographic and Political system

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic nation in the world. It covers more than 17.000 islands that stretches from mainland of southeast Asia to Australia continent. The biggest island is Kalimantan (Borneo) and Papua which is the part of new guinea. With more than 225 million people live in, Indonesia is the fourth most heavily populated country in the world. The population density level is 118 people per square km with Java as the most crowded island in Indonesia. The population is not distributed equally, for example in Jakarta, the capital city of the country, it is inhabited by 13.500 people per square km while in Papua is only inhabited by 6 people per square km. On the conclusion, 69% of the total population lives in Java which only constitutes 7,17% of total square of Indonesia, that means the other parts are only occupied by fewer people. The inequality in population distribution is a major problem for the government which makes more difficult to implement policies for entire nation.

Recent population composition shows that productive ages (15-64) composes the majority of population chart with 65,05%, and people at age group 0-14 with 29,30%. Indonesia is a multiethnic country with diverse culture and tradition that posses more than 300 ethnicities and 700 different dialects. The national language is Bahasa Indonesia

As unitary state in the form of republic, The President is the head of the country and the head of the government. The Indonesian President is the top position in leading and ruling the country, he or she controls the military forces, responsible for domestic and foreign affairs and acted as the chief of executive. To support the Presidential duty, he or she has the right to appoint a council of minister that is chosen by him or herself. Legislative control is undertaken by Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat consist of 550 member of the Dewan perwakilan Rakyat or House of Representatives who are elected every five years period as the representation of different political power and multi parties, and Dewan perwakilan Daerah or Regional Representative Council, who are the representation of each provinces. The total number of Majelis Permusyawaratan rakyat is 695 people. Other important organs of state is Supreme Court, Mahkamah agung, that acts as Judicative power, Constitutional court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) to evaluate and end up constitutional dispute, and the State of Audit Board (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan) to oversee the accountability of public finance.

Administratively, Indonesia has been divided into 33 provinces that consist of 349 districts and 91 municipalities. Therefore to develop the provinces, one of fundamental reform that had been established was the implementation of decentralization legislation with law No. 22/1999, later revised by law No. 32/2004, and the financial balance between central and local government, No. 25/1999 . These laws then transformed Indonesia from the most centralized country in the world本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。