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ary school teachers’ training. On the basis of healing social wounds, government resumed and reformed Chinese primary school teacher’s training work, which was a central task at that time.

In 1978, MOE has held a national conference on education, discussing how to handle the problem of teacher education, and releasing Proposal on Strengthening and Developing Teacher Education in October the same year. This Proposal took the construction of teaching staff as basic requirements and important project of developing education and improving education quality.

In June 1980, MOE held a national conference on Teacher Education, summarizing 30 years’ experience of secondary teacher education, and studying on how to do further in secondary teacher education. In August, MOE issued Proposal on Further Development of Secondary Teacher Education (Draft) and Proposal on Education Project of Secondary Normal School (Draft) to relevant departments, which have played a positive guiding role.

In 1983, according to central planning of Notice on Strengthening and Reforming Related Problems of Rural Education, the MOE issued Proposal on Adjustment and Strengthening Management of Elementary and Middle school teacher staff, which put forward a series of instructions on adjustment task of rural teachers.

In November 1985, State Education Committee held a national conference on teachers in primary and middle schools. Center of the conference was to further enhance awareness of teacher staff construction, to determine the objectives, principles and steps of teacher staff construction, to clarify guidelines at various levels, to research measurements of reforming and strengthening teacher education, to deploy relevant policy problems of teachers. The conference specially emphasized that, “teacher education is the main important place for cultivating elementary and secondary teachers.”

In 1999, the Central Committee and the State Council issued Decision on Deepening Education Reform and Push Forward All-round Quality-oriented Education, and in 2001 the State Council issued Decision on the Reform and Development of Basic Education, after that, the MOE decided to vigorously promote basic education, and construct a new basic education curriculum system applying with the demand of quality-oriented education. Concept changes of basic education reform brought corresponding changes in the quality structure of primary school teachers, which is different with that in 1980s and 1990s in China.

This dissertation bases on these education policies, especially these two policies in 1999 and 2001 issued by State Council, and assess to what extent the policies are implemented at primary school level in Songjiang District (SJD) of Shanghai. The study will focus on the interplay of political, technical, bureaucratic, organizational, and other factors which affect the implementation of teachers’ training policies.
2.1 The basic conditions of SJD
SJD lies in the southwest of Shanghai and the upper middle reaches of Huangpu River. With Jinshan on its south, Qingpu on its north, Minhang on its east, it covers an area of 604.67 square kilometers, and has a permanent population of 1,074,200 in 2008, consisiting of 556,800 registered residents of the city and 517,400 nonnative people.[ Songjiang.gov.cn. Retrieved on June 20