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温哥华留学作业assignment:教育者对教学多动症儿童的看法 [4]

论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-11-07编辑:zcm84984点击率:14500

论文字数:7618论文编号:org201411062244395880语种:英语 English地区:加拿大价格:免费论文

关键词:教育者教学多动症teaching childrenadhd

摘要:本文是一篇旨在分析教育者对教学多动症儿童的看法的留学生论文,描写文献综述是一种展示作者对一个特定的研究领域研究的方法,包括这个领域的词汇、理论、关键变量以及它的方法和历史。

However, there is no apparent single cause of ADHD. It has been suggested that ADHD may result from heredity or from a vanity of prenatal or postnatal environmental factors (Goldstein & Goldstein, 1992). Commonly suspected caused included by environmental elements, neurological and emotional nutritional that may or may not play a part in the development of children with ADHD (Oestreicher, 2007).
 
Precisely, we will try to be more specific about hereditary and neurological variables. Barkley, (1998) and Tannock, (1998) argue that neurological variables and hereditary, influences have received the greatest attention in the literature.
 
Heredity
 
Tannock (1998) has pointed out that there are strong evidences from studies that have been carried out over the past 30 years that ADHD is more common in the biological relatives of children with ADHD than it is in the biological relatives of children who do not have ADHD. A positive family history of ADHD symptoms is a common finding. In many children, one of the close family members, like father or mother, might had or has even today the symptoms of ADHD (Tannock, 1998). However, the relationship between the children and their family include environmental factors too. Nevertheless, a child’s behaviour cannot be predicted only from family history. Some hyperactive parents have no hyperactive children, while some not hyperactive parents have children with ADHD (Brown, 2005). Many factors determine which children will be hyperactive.
 
According to Elia et al (1999), ADHD has a heritability of 0.75 to 0.91 (1.0 = totally genetic, while 0.0 = absolutely not genetic). The possibility of a genetic cause to ADHD is further supported by the fact that ADHD appears to exist in families. Between 10 percent and 35 percent of children with ADHD have a first-degree relative, who had in the past or even today the ADHD features. Approximately, one-half of parents who have been diagnosed with ADHD will have a child with ADHD (Oestreicher, 2007).
 
Twin facts are used to estimate heritability, which measures the degree that a disorder is affected by genetic causes. Figure 1, demonstrates heritability facts from six twin studies of ADHD or related traits (e.g., the inattention subscale of the Child Behaviour Checklist). These facts estimate the heritability of ADHD to be about 0.80 present, which means that genes play a significant role in the aetiology of ADHD. The fact that heritability is less than 1.0 display that features of the environment are furthermore, involved in the aetiology of the disorder. However, adoption researches of ADHD involve genes in its aetiology. The adoptive relatives of ADHD children are less likely to have ADHD or associated disorders than the biological relatives of ADHD children (Cantwell, 1975 and Morrison; Steward, 1973). An adoption study by van den Oord et al (1994),   estimated that genes accounted for 47% of the variance of inattention scores on the Child Behaviour Checklist
 
Neurological Variables
 
According to Anastopolous (1988), the earliest hypothesis regarding children with ADHD was the structural brain damage that contributed to attention and behaviour control difficulties. However, most children with ADHD do not have structura论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。
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