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摘要：在当代美国文坛上，美国犹太作家、1976 年诺贝尔文学奖获得者索尔·贝娄被认为是继福克纳和海明威之后最主要的小说家。这篇论文主要分析索尔.贝娄小说中的女性人物。通过详尽的文本分析，本论文指出其小说中经常出现的三种主要女性人物类型，即:贤妻良母型、破坏型和独立型，分别列举并描述了各类型女性的代表性人物及其对男主人公的影本文，认为作家贝娄在对几位女性的描述刻画中，也把自己的女性观暴露无疑地展现出来.关键词：索尔·贝娄;三种女性人物形象;女性观本论文分为四个章节。第一章是文献综述，侧重强调索尔·贝娄在女性人物塑造方面的各家评论。第二章简要叙述了索尔·贝娄的生平和文学成就。第三章将索尔·贝娄十四部长篇小说中的女性形象分为三种类型，列举各种类型的代表人物，详细分析了她们的模式化形象及其对男主人公的影响。最后探讨了索尔·贝娄在刻画女性人物方面的局限及其原因。第四章基于第三章的分析和论证，提出几点结论

man and will never be happy again. In this case, Tommy is 'in a worse condition than a divorced husband who has only to pay alimony and is free to remarry' (ibid:79).

The economic surveillance that Margaret put upon Tommy seems endless. Tommy claims that she has even taunted him with the threat that 'the women in her family live long, and I'll have to pay and pay for the rest of my life' (Bellow, 1992:48). Margaret's case seems extreme, but it is not an isolated one in the Bellow canon.

2.2.2The Erotic Woman一Ramona in Herzog

As Herzog's Spanish mistress, Ramona is slightly foreign, well educated, a fine cook, and an experienced lover. Herzog's chief appreciation is her body and her erotic talents and little else. He is attracted by 'her shrewd, erotic, calculating eyes, warm sexual odors, downy arms, slightly bowed legs, and short, deep, white thighs' (Cronin, 2001:201).

Ramona is highly experienced at entertaining gentleman. Herzog says she is 'full of erotic monkeyshines' (Bellow, 1996:17). 'Her date with Herzog follows well-prepared rituals' (Liu Wensong, 2004:113). 'Prior to visiting Ramona, Herzog predicts the menu (Shrimp Arnaud), the music (Mohammad al Bakkar and his band), the course of conversation to come'伽ewman, 1984:120). She is no mere a sensualist but a preacher of Neo-Freudians who takes it for granted that the body is the instrument of the soul. She tells Herzog that the art of love is one of the most sublime achievements of the soul. She tries to persuade Herzog that the rejuvenation of his depression can come only through the body excitement. However, Herzog does not buy her theorizing of sex and regards her as a dangerous temptation. He believes that, with the wine, flowers, Egyptian music and undressing rituals, he might have to lose his freedom and become her captive.

Ramona protects Herzog by offering him a sexual and psychological retreat from his problems. But the relationship of the protagonist with the erotic woman illustrates the paradox of his moral position. Although he hedonistically indulges himself in the pleasure she offers, he considers himself morally superior to her. 'He embarks on a flight from her ever since the first pages of the novel, and he is still waiting for her at the end' (Liu Wensong, 2004:115).

2.3 The Independent Woman

Beyond the polarized images of the maternal woman and the destructive woman stands a third female image which does not so frequently occur in Bellow's novels: the independent woman.

Bellow's texts show great concern about the meaningful existence of every individual in this seemingly chaotic material world.

The noisy demands of modern society threaten to swallow up the self. But Bellow believes that the self can and must refuse to be swallowed up. It must 'assert its need for true values, for real freedom, for genuine reality. '...Bellow's characters often show a marked aversion to the success ethic. Rather than material comforts they value the 'independence and freedom of the self alive.'

(Weissman, 1978:19-20)

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