摘要:It is known that the development of a language is a step-by-step procedure. In this regard, causes cannot be overlooked. Crystal said that English appeared in the right time at the right place. The spread of English across the globe is a seismic event in the species’ history. It is one of the biggest things to happen to mankind since the dawn of language.
the British Empire went through two processes: aggression against national states and annexation of isolated or sparsely-populated wild area. Countries like China and India belonged to the former one, while thinly-populated America and Oceania belonged to the latter one.
After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the workshop of the world. In its heyday, the British Empire occupied almost one-fifth of the world’s total main land. Controlling an area as large as itself, Britain ruled over a population of 56 million. As it went on, it was no doubted that the English language was spread all over the English colonies, even the whole globe. Even now, so far as the extent to which a language is geographically dispersed is concerned, English deserves a title of the world’s most important language. It is being used in many countries as their native language, in some other countries, at the same time, as the second language. From a fact that about 80% of annual scientific research papers are published in English all over the world, and it became acknowledged that it is the result of historical colonization of the British Empire, the largest empire that
history has ever witnessed. What’s more, some authors also said that Britain made English an international language during 19th century. This suggests that Britain indeed make great contribution to the globalization of English, although by an indecent way of developing colonization. In other words, reaching every corner of the world with the British colonizers is the English language.
2.2 The Rising of the United States after WWII
If the Great Britain made English an international language in 19th century, to some extent, the United States sped up the globalization of English in 20th century.
During the wartime, Americans accumulated a lot of money because of scarcity of wartime supply, and full employment and savings, which greatly stimulated consumption. After the Second World War, America became the strongest power in the capitalist world. The three Axis powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan, were destroyed while other capitalist countries were greatly weakened. As a great creditor nation, America made a lot because many countries were deep in debt to it. The U.S. industrial production took up about 60% of the World’s total while its exports took up some 30% of the world market. European nations had not recovered from mass war destruction yet and the capitalist world market was widely opened to American goods. At the mean time, houses, automobiles and many other kinds of goods were all in short supply at home. Inflation caused prices rose sharply. The workers enjoyed full employment. America’s large productivity enabled the country to produce plenty goods for both the domestic but also the overseas markets, resulting in economic boom.
On the other hand, Britain, the empire on which the sun never sets, has undergone a decline. There is a western saying that the 19th century is the time of the Great Britain, while the 20th century belongs to America. As it goes on and on, America becomes a nation which stands towering in world nation community. Since the WWII, the US becomes literally the leader of the western world and one of the superpower in the world hegemony. With entry to the 21st century, according to inertia of linear history, America, the national powerhouse may continue to stand its ground. Jus
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