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In the long process ofdevelopment, the US government spokesmen community has been a specialized andhigh-quality team. The study of the languages used at the press conferences by USForeign Ministry officers will contribute to more objective, full understanding andimprovement of China's government press speech capacities.
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Chapter Two Literature Review

Vagueness is something objective exists among things in the objective world.Among the boundless universe, all the objective things have their own characteristics,change dramatically and have complicated relations. Among them, it can be found thatthings themselves are vague, relatively vague or pointless for accurate measuring, or inother words, there is no precise boundary among many things.In recent years, many scholars are dedicated to this study. This chapter attempts toreview the previous researches concerning the present study, composed of four parts:1.researches on vague linguistics, including the definition and classification ofvagueness 2.the relevant researches on vagueness in spokesmen’s remarks 3.thelinguistic realization of vagueness in diplomatic language, including the lexicalvagueness and syntactic vagueness 4.brief summary.

2.1 Researches on vague linguistics
Pragmatic Vagueness is a major research field in vague linguistics that drawsincreasingly attention among the academics in resent years. Vague linguistics isconsisted of Langue layer and Parole layer together, leading it from theoretical intopractical. In this section, the introduction of vague linguistics will be represented at thevery beginning, then followed by the review of pragmatic vagueness in differentaspects.Recently, many researchers make contributions in pragmatic vagueness . Pragmaticvagueness is a kind of pragmatic policy, precisely, which refers to a special languageusing phenomenon during the commutation and talking when a speaker could haveexpressed one matter clearly, but picks out some vagueness vocabulary instead ofunderstanding ones consciously and deliberately, for some particular purposes. In theothers words, the speaker choosing this policy is driven by different talkingsurroundings and circumstances, and for diverse pragmatic intentions.
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2.2 Researches on vagueness in diplomatic language
Learners have discussed the vagueness in questions and answers of diplomaticlanguage from different perspectives.Rhea(2007) analysis the Press Conferences and holds the view that the languageemployed in the Press Conference is different from the other language in the formaloccasions.In China, Zeng Yiping (1996), has analyzed the linguistic art of government’spublic relations when they answer journalists’ questions. It has divided those questionsinto four categories according to the motives of journalists, and given a brief analysis ofrelevant strategies. The first category is questions which the public need to know thedetailed information and should be answered positively. This category of questions canbe answered according to the fact. The second category are sensitive questions whichhaven’t a final verdict or questions which are involved with state secrets and need to beavoided. And we can use vague language, language without information and transfer ofthe topic are ways to deal with those questions. The third category are questions whichjournalists have presupposed and controlled the range of answers