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oes is expressing other people’s idea in a different language, so the content of his translation must strictly comply with that of the original. And it is very clear that ‘faithful’ is the most important among the three, and it is the first responsibility to a translator.

However, there are disparities between one language and another – disparities in the lexicology, in the linguistic structure or even in the tradition and culture. And to maintain that there is always an equivalent correspondence in one language that can match the one in another is a naive thought. Take English and French for instance. Although there is only one strait between them, although they have mutual influences onto each other for about one thousand years, although English has loaned a lot of words form French, the two peoples will at times meet difficulties in finding a equivalence to the one in another language. The English have always said that in French there isn’t an equivalence to the word ‘home’ or ‘gentleman’, while the French believe that in English there isn’t an appropriate translation to the French expression

‘Rassemblement du Peuple Francais’ (the literal meaning is ‘法国人民大会党’). Although English is the native language of both England and America, the same case will at times happen to these two peoples. The American can’t find the British match to their word ‘sissy’. And they always complain that the word ‘compromise’, a derogatory term in their language, turns out to be a commendatory one in British English. For hundreds of years, the American has invented a lot of new words, but many of which don’t work in England. In 1922, the American writer Sinclair Lewis wrote a novel named ‘Babbitt’, a book full of idiomatic local American language. After ‘Babbitt’ arrived in England, the British added over 120 terms of annotations for fear that their people can’t well understand the American English. But later on the British found that there were a lot of mistakes in their annotations. So it is not an exaggeration to say that even the British can not fully understand the American English, and even the British English can not faithfully defined the American English well enough.

Even the languages belong to the same family can not reach the entire faithfulness, not to say the translations between two language families. Chinese, different from English, is the language belonging to the Sino-Tipiden Family. ‘切磋’、‘疏通’ 、‘隔膜’ 、 ‘砥砺’ 、‘不通’ are the words that can’t find an equivalence in English. Since ‘ absolute faithfulness’ is impossible, we needn’t take pains to achieve it. And what a translator should do is to try every means to achieve the real faithfulness in a possible sense. That means a translation should be in good formality with the original context, form and style. And the real faithfulness includes two aspects.

On the one hand, ‘faithful to the original’ doesn’t mean that a translator should give an equivalence to each word literally. What a translator should be faithful to is not the meaning of the odd words but that of the grammatical structure which is made up by these words. Take a short letter for example. ‘昨奉大函，诵悉一是。尊稿极佳， 惟篇幅甚长，本志地位有限，故不克刊登，良用歉然。’ It is the letter written in ancient Chinese and please compare these 2 translations.

Translation 1: I received your letter yesterday, and on reading noted all its contents. Your article is very good. But it is very long, while本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。