摘要:本文是英语论文网留学生论文指导范文。19世纪后期以来,美国已成为一个强大的国家,而在同一时间的美国文化中也越来越多地显示一些特质,特别是,突出强调个人主义,这是时代的典型,也是日益成熟的美国文化的风向标。这篇论文以《白鲸》和《老人与海》 这两个经典的美国文学的个人主义为切入点,揭示了美国的个人主义精神和在不同时期的不同解释。此外,文章还介绍了道德的概念,尝试分析个人主义精神对道德观念的影响。
Thus, the code of ethics also failed.
Egoism is a fundamental principle of bourgeois moral. Enhancing children's self-interest, avoiding bitter, pursuit of personal interests and happiness are human instinct and thus forms the egoism of the ethical principles in the field of ethics. Therefore, Engels pointed out: “The bourgeoisie had turned the cover in family relations on the sentimental veil, this relationship became purely money.”
Bourgeois idea of freedom, equality and fraternity requirements are their political slogans as well as their code of ethics. Bourgeois thinkers believe that people are born equal, free, universal love: equality is in line with human nature, which is entrusted by the day right, the so-called equality is not a Christian saying equality of original sin, but everyone is equal before the law; The so-called free, not only refers to the ideas, personal freedom, but also is widely understood as citizens of all political and social rights. the so-called universal love is the same love, the human love calls for the elimination from the competition as a result of hatred, asked to be exploited for love exploiters. Slogan of so-called equality and fraternity, in fact is to safeguard the interests of the capitalist class ideas and requirements. Capitalists have the freedom to exploit the workers, but workers are not deprived of freedom; equivalent exchange covers up the greatest inequality of the bourgeoisie, fraternity is to ask other people for their love of the bourgeoisie, while they are on the outside in addition to the exploitation of the working class, there is no compassion. This is a capitalist society that has repeatedly confirmed the fact of life.
Since the Renaissance, human nature has become bourgeois deep-rooted moral consciousness, humanitarians reach a larger scale. On the historical research, bourgeois humanitarianism as a banner, overthrew the feudal society. Humanitarian is the bourgeoisie against feudal theology of religion of Shinto (Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1986). Humanitarian is not total negation for the bourgeoisie, especially the Renaissance was a movement for the liberation of human thought, it thought people liberated from imprisonment of feudal and religious, which is an indelible historical contribution.
A bourgeois moral is a product of capitalist economic relations than of feudal moral progress. Egoism, humanitarian, freedom, equality fraternity and ethics historically have played a positive and progressive role, which call people awakened, struggling against the feudal hierarchy and asceticism, greatly promoting the development and consolidation of political domination of the capitalist economy. Bourgeois also has the virtues of diligence and frugality, but as decadent and the decline of capitalism, moral principles and norms of the bourgeoisie, it loses its historical progress. In the capitalist society, with the relative state of bourgeois morality and proletarian morality, this appears new ethics in human history, which is a noble morality in human history.
4.2 The Moral in Individualism
It cannot be denied that both Ahab and Santiago, their will and pursuit both reflect the basic values and ideals of individualism. However, the former individualism is a self-centered personality of autism which means contempting for others, for our community and for all the significance of li
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