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PMBOK defines product life cycles to include the ongoing operation and product divestment phases. Figure 3 illustrates the differentiation of project and product life cycle.

APM (2007) defines “Project life cycles consist of a number of distinct phases.” “Project life cycle allows the project to be considered as a sequence of phases which provides the structure and approach for progressively delivering the required outputs.” Project life cycle phase covers Concept, Definition, Implementation and Handover and Closeout. In some situations, the project life cycle is replaced by an extended form to include two further phases: Operations and Termination show in Figure 4 (APM, 2007, p80).

2.1.4.2 Researchers ERP Life cycle Models

In 1996, SAP, ERP Software provider submitted Accelerated SAP (ASAP) methodology for implementation of projects to accelerate the execution of SAP project implementation. Five key phases of the methodology ASAP, furthermore renowned as the roadmap ASAP, are: project preparation, business blueprint, realization, final preparation, go live & support. The introduction of which were utilised ASAP or power by the methodology of SAP an mean of only 8 months , contrasted with 15 months for benchmark implementations. (Jose et al, 2001)

Markus and Tanis (1999) conceptually differentiated the execution of the four stages of ERP implementation process model (see Figure 5). (1) the chartering phase during the project initiation, (2) project phase during the configuration and the deployment to the organization, (3) the shakedown phase when the company in the transition from ‘go live' to ‘normal operations' and (4) the onward and upward phase during which the business adopted the key business benefits (if any) from the ERP system and plans for the further steps for technology and business improvement.

Chartering Phase (ideas to dollars)

Chartering phase embraces conclusions premier to project approval and funding of the enterprise solution. The major players in this stage encompass suppliers, consultants, company executives and IT professionals, whereas the accurate constellation of players may vary. Major undertakings encompass the establishment of a business case for enterprise solution, software application selection, recognising a project manager, budget and schedule approval. Typical undertakings encompass,

- Raise the concept of adopting enterprise solution

- Develop Business Case (informal) on the investment

- Define KPI and process of measurement

- Perform “As Is” analysis

- Evaluate and select software, hardware, networking, databases, and implementation partner and project manager.

- Develop initial plan for how the system will be applied, sustained and sustained, upgraded, etc.

- Communicate to the entire organization

- Develop plan for organizational change, incentives scheme related to the enterprise solution and/or organizational performance improvement, if any,

- Approve the project plan to proceed

The outcome of this stage may be a answer to the concept本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。