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m informal food safety grids where people draw upon their social groups, to eating a smaller amount and low-cost meals and at times scrounging for seeds and fruits, or when more desperately migrating away. What is currently being witnessed in Sub-Sahara Africa at family level is a gradually wearing down of individuals' coping mechanisms, that is revealing a more deep-rooted and intricate problem of susceptibility. (Aziz, 2001)

 

In addition, the evidence available suggests that several countries and also regions which are susceptible to the natural calamities lack the capability or are badly prepared to counter. The capability to manage at the country stage a group of individuals who can recognize the problems, evaluate the data which is brought from the ground and formulate solutions so as to avoid or control famine, is under utilised or not there. The policies, establishments and also capacities should to be put in position to respond and alleviate. Nonetheless, there have been numerous instances of successful food crisis prevention, which includes Botswana and Kenya in the mid 1980s and South Africa and Zimbabwe in the early 1990s. Yet, what is apparent is that revival and rehabilitation attempts that tackle the core causes of persistent food shortages and susceptibility to famine have been awfully limited. (Aziz, 2001)

 

The wider context

 

There is a general view that Sub-Sahara Africa has under-performed in the macro-economic levels, however indeed according to the World Bank data (Maxwell, 2002) Africa hasn't lagged behind, it data show that the world as a whole lagged behind: Food production in fact, has improved by more than a quarter in the past two decades, except not adequate in relations of per capita production globally. Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where annual growth of GDP per capita has been on the negative, at 1.0% from 1975 and 1999, in contrast with 6.0%, for Eastern Asia and 2.3% for South Asia. (Maxwell, 2002)

 

Improving poor economic performance of Sub-Saharan Africa's sluggish agricultural segment is a vital to resolving the hunger and poverty problems because this segment is at the core of food security. In relation to the other regions of the world, agriculture sector is particularly central in Sub-Sahara Africa; with small-scale agriculture farmers being the main source of incomes in Sub-Sahara Africa. Agriculture offers employment to a greater segment of the labour force compared to any other area. Lipton (2001) states that, more than 96% of farmers Sub-Sahara Africa work on a small-scale, cultivating below four hectares

 

And still, small-scale agriculture has been proved to be least efficient compared to large-scale farms after farmers obtained same support services such as inputs in terms of seeds, fertilisers and credit. A latest FAO research has exposed that small- scale farms appear to be extra productive and provide more employment opportunities to the surrounding populat本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。