英语论文网

《探讨科技英语文章和翻译作品的美感》——英语论文范文资料库
[摘要]许多人认为科技英语、科技翻译枯燥无味。作者从其研究中发现,优秀的科技文章、科技译文也具有美的魅力,例如对称美、流畅美、逻辑美、完整美、精练美和修辞美。作者认为阅读科技文章,从事科技翻译,除了能增加科技知识、提高思维能力外,还能获得美的享受。

[关键词]科技英语;科技翻译;美感

很多人认为科技英语、科技翻译内容枯燥,形式单调,读之兴味索然。实际上,如果我们深入研究,就可以发现,阅读科技英语和翻译的佳作,不仅能增长我们的科技知识,培养我们的思维能力,也能使我们体验丰富的美感,获得美的享受。概括来说,优秀的科技英语文章和翻译作品具有对称美、流畅美、逻辑美、完整美、精练美和修辞美,分述如下。

一、对称美
对称是美学上一个重要概念。世界上众多美的事物大多是均匀对称的。科技英语中这种对称结构是屡见不鲜的,因为这种结构能表达十分复杂的科学概念,用相同的结构表达相似的意义,从而收到等值或等效的结果。例如:
1. With different impurities added, semiconductors are made into two types - the N-type,
which is ready to give up electrons, thus having a negative character, and the P-type, which is liable to accept electrons, therefore being of a positive character.　半导体,根据增添的杂质不同,可以分为两种类型—N型和P型。N型是准备释放电子的,从而是具有负电性;P型是易于接受电子的,从而具有正电性。
这个句子表达了一个多层次的复杂概念,但层次清楚,形式对应,意义明确。不仅如此,从美学观点来看,它还具有对称美、节奏感,读者读了上半部分,就能预感到下半部分的形式和内容,而在读到下半部分时,果然符合自己的预感,从而享受到一种美的感受。这个句子如果用图形表示,就会是一个均匀对称美的图像。
相同的平行结构还可以表示截然相反的意思,起到鲜明对照的作用。如:
Anyone who has ever ridden on a railroad knows how rapidly another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction and conversely how it may look almost motionless when it is moving in the same direction.　任何坐过火车的人都知道:当一列火车从相反的方向开来时,一瞬间即飞驰而过;而当另一列火车同向行驶时,看起来就像没有开动一样。

二、流畅美
科技文章的另一种美是连贯流畅。人们常说,好的文章如行云流水。这种美的特征也充分体现在科技英语中,因为科技英语常用来表达各种生产和科学实验的过程和步骤,因此必须环节相通,连贯顺畅。下面两个例子,一个是简易的急救措施,一个是复杂的自动化过程,都体现了连贯流畅的语言美。
Once you encounter a person who has stopped breathing, you should begin immediately to do mouth-to-mouth breathing. First, place the victim on his back and remove any foreign matter from his mouth with your fingers. Then tilt his head backwards so that his chin is pointing up. Next, pull his mouth open and his jaw forward, pinch his nostrils shut to prevent the air you blow into his mouth from escaping from his nose. Then place your mouth tightly over the victim' s. Blow in his mouth until you see his chest rise. Then turn your head to the side and listen for the outrush of air which indicates an air exchange.　一旦你遇到一个人停止了呼吸,你就应该立刻开始嘴对嘴的呼吸。首先,把病人平放着,用手指抠出他嘴中的异物,然后把他的头向后倾,使下巴突出。接着扳开他的嘴,让上颚向前伸,捏紧他的鼻子防止你吹进他嘴里的气从鼻孔跑掉。然后,把你的嘴紧贴在病人的嘴上,把气吹进他的嘴里,一直进行到看见他的胸部鼓起。这时你把头侧向一边,听听是否有气呼出。有的话,就表示呼吸恢复了。
这是一段描写急救程序的文字,开始是一个概述的主题句,接着是一连串表示动作的短句,通过first,then,next等连词连接起来,一个接一个,首尾相连,连贯顺畅。这是用一连串短句表示程序步骤的,也可以用一个长的复合句来表示相互联系的步骤,如下面关于自动化程序的描述:
The information as well as the decisions arising from it would be processed and moves on to the next stage, where again the specific circumstances of the operation would be digested and the best decisions suggested and then the information is pro-cessed and passes forward once more. At the same time, while the information moves from one part of the manufacturing unit to the next and is fully integrated into each new operation, the result of each change is fed back to the beginning, and further adjustments are constantly made, so that the process throughout the whole plant operates efficiently.　信息以及根据信息所作出的决定将进行处理,并推进到下一工序,然后又结合这个工序操作的特定情况,作出最佳决定。这样,信息又得到处理,再次向前推进。与此同时,当信息从一个工位向下一个工位推进,并充分结合到每一个新的操作中的时候,每一次变化的结果都要反馈到开始端,还经常要作进一步的调整,这样,整个机器的操作程序就能高效率地进行了。

三、逻辑美
科技英语最具特色的美就是逻辑美,因为科技英语是表达科技事实、概念、原理的,和解释自然现象的,因此逻辑缜密,推导合理,无懈可击。如下面一段关于石油成因的论述,推导严密,一环扣一环,丝丝入扣,极具说服力和逻辑美。
There are cases of oil accumulations in small sandstone lenses enclosed by clays, and for these it is difficult to visualize much movement of the oil;it must have been formed in the sandstone or in the 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。