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摘要：Proverbs are an aspect of language. They have been studied and explored fromdifferent perspectives. Proverbs are one of the folklorist studies; therefore, most whohave studied proverbs are folkloristics.

maxim is the least observed compared to others, and why?3. Which kind of non-observance is the most frequent in using English proverbscompared to others, and why?
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2.2 Research subject
There are thousands of English proverbs from various sources around the world.Proverbs are multifunctional; they cannot stand for one particular situation viz theirmeaning are variable. Proverbs manage when the context is required; therefore, thecontext provides an appropriate environment to analyse proverbs according to theCooperative Principle theory.This study will tackle the English proverbs existing in the novels of Victorian era,specifically the proverbs found in the context of Charles Dickens novels during theperiod 1836–1870. The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs provides an index toproverbs existing in literature works. This dictionary counted about 160 Englishproverbs in Charles Dickens novels. Concerning the importance and the aims of thisstudy, it is of great benefit to choose the proverbs that are still in common use. So,Oxford Concise Dictionary of Proverbs provides over 1000 of the best known commonEnglish proverbs around the world. This dictionary counted eighty English proverbsdistributed among thirteen novels.Some proverbs are repeated more than one time in different novels. Since aproverb appeared in a different context, it is regarded as one case to be analysed. The study is an investigation of English proverbs based on the theory ofCooperative Principle. The non-observance and observance of Grice’s maxims will bethe framework to analyse the collected data. Qualitative and quantitative approacheswill be adopted. Qualitative study will be adopted to investigate the reasons forobservance and non-observance of Grice’s maxims. Quantitative study will be used tomeasure the frequency of observance and non-observance of the maxims and to clarifythe results.
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2 Methodology
2.1 Research questions........(37)
2.2 Research subject........(37)
2.3 Research procedures........(38)
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Observance or non-observance........(40)
3.2 Maxims failing to be observed........(43)
3.3 Non-observance of the maxims........(47)
3.3.1 Flouting of the maxims........ (51)
3.3.2 Violating of the maxims........(77)
3.3.3 Opting out of the maxims........ (79)
3.3.4 Infringing of the maxims........(80)
3.3.5 Suspending of the maxims........(81)
3.4 Observance of the maxims.........(81)

3 Results and Discussion

3.1 Observance or non-observance
Grice points out that not all people observe the maxims whether in real life or inwritten and spoken discourse. In this case, there is a distinction between what thespeaker is saying and what he intends to convey. In other words, an implicature willarise as a result of breaking the conversational maxims. The function of Englishproverbs here plays an essential role to justify what the speaker wants to convey. Griceidentified five kinds of non-observance of conversational maxims; flouting, violating,infringing, opting out, and suspending.The quantitative study revealed that most English proverbs that have beenanalysed in this study have failed to fulfil the Gricean maxims (non-observance). Table3.1 indicates that the maxims are broken 57 times本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。