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4.2 Limitations ................................... 31

4.3 Suggestions ............................. 33 

3 Case Analysis

3.1 Theoretical Framework

The translation was completed under the guidance of skopos theory.In thischapter,skopos theory was introduced,including its content,development andprinciples.

3.1.1 Introduction to Skopos Theory

Skopos theory is a relatively new model of translation theory mainly proposed byHans Vermeer,a German translation theorist,and its establishment can be traced backto the 1960s and 1970s.Skopos theory is an external study of translation,whichfocuses on the selection of various purposes in the process of translation.Therefore,itcan undoubtedly make up for the shortcomings of traditional translation studies,thusadding a new research perspective to the multidisciplinary exploration of translation(Fan&Liu,2002).

Katharina Reiss,Hans Vermeer and Justa Holz Manttari have made greatcontributions to the development of functional translation theory.In 1971,KatharinaReiss listed the function of text as a standard of translation criticism in her book Possibilities and Limitations of Translation Criticism.In other words,we can evaluatethe original text from the relationship between the functions of the original text andthe target text.Later,Hans Vermeer developed and created skopos theory on the basisof behavioral theory.He proposed that the methods were determined by the outcome.That is to say,the translation principle was dependent on the purpose of the wholetranslation activity(Vermeer,1989).The skopos theory was further developed byJusta Holz Manttari,who focused on analyzing the behaviors,conditions andfunctions of participants in the whole translation process.

4 Conclusion

4.1 Major Findings

Based on the excerpts of Theories of Criminal Law,the translator encounteredmany sentences with formal subjects while translating it into Chinese,and thetranslation report focused on the translation methods in the sentences with formalsubjects.These sentences mainly exist as the following three patterns:“It+be+noun/adjective/past participle/verb+clause”,“It+be+adjective(for/ofsb)/noun/verb+to do sth”and“It+be+adjective/noun(phrase)+doing sth”.

During translating sentences with formal subjects into Chinese,four translationmethods were applied by the author,which are division,omission,inversion andsubstitution.It is hoped that the findings could bring some reference to legaltranslation.

reference(omitted)